A major feature in computing history is the evolving ability to “write on silicon” and thereby create novel computational structures increasingly fast, compact power-efficient hardware. In 1978, Xerox PARC researcher MIT professor Lynn Conway, together with Caltech's Carver Mead, developed a simple powerful method of designing fabricating very large-scale integration (VLSI) integrated circuits....

In the process of new democratic revolution (1921-1949) and socialist (1949-1978), reform opening-up (1978-2012), national building in era (2012-present), CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee (the Communist Party province, China) (abbreviated for “the Committee” below) has gradually formed a progressive governance method revolutionary culture. The two complement each other, guiding people fields p...

We discuss the formalism of Balian and Duplantier [Balian and Duplantier, Ann. Phys. (NY) 104, 300 (1977); 112, 165 (1978)] for the calculation of the Casimir energy for an arbitrary smooth compact surface and use it to give some examples: a finite cylinder with hemispherical caps, a torus, an ellipsoid of revolution, a cube with rounded corners and edges, and a drum made of disks and part of a...

Since its inception in 1858 the General Medical Council has struggled with the difficult job of maintaining both public and professional interests, and many of the criticisms made of it now have been made since then. Its latest "revolution" grew out of protests mademostly by doctors-during the late 1960s and early 1970s and culminated in the Medical Act 1978. Now a new head of steam is building...

The breakdown of political structures is a process developing from the saddle point to revolution or implosion system. decay determined on one hand by strength influence stabilizing factors (attractors) and, other — repellers. In Poland, under Edward Gierek, was achieved in 1974–1976, and then disintegration began. most important moments revealing repellers were: social protests against price i...

The underground economy has long been of interest to economists and has devoted extensive studies to itself in economic literature. Through fuzzy logic approach in present research, we estimated the size of underground economy of Iran over the period of 1978-2010. For this purpose and according to theoretical bases and previous studies, variables such as GDP per capita, ratio of direct taxes to...