 To understand the role of health technology assessment (HTA) as a means of relating research with healthcare decision making.  To familiarize participants with the most important definitions related to HTA.  To recognize the main features of Economic Evaluations (EE).  To identify the usefulness and necessity of EE in the decision making process.  To understand the concept of opportunity ...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Tobacco Heating System ...................................................................................... 2 2.1.2 Risk/benefit analysis summar...

For 30 years, more attention and resources have been expended on dissecting problems (risk assessment) than on evaluating actual solutions that reduce risks. The basic dogma holds that risk assessment must precede risk management. But there is an opposite and perhaps better way: the opening question should not be “How bad is the problem?” but “How good are the solutions we might apply to the pr...

Federal agencies have finite resources. Even for critical purposes related to counterterrorism, resources must be allocated in the most effective ways possible. Statistical risk analysis can help by accounting for uncertainties in the costs and benefits of particular efforts, and game theory can help by accounting for the fact that terrorists adapt their attacks in response to homeland defense ...

background: the use of chemicals is essential in education resulting in exposure to these pollutant in a variety of chemical and research laboratories. chemical contaminants in chemical laboratories are in different forms and chemical exposure risk assessment is important for choosing appropriate controls in protecting the health of operators, experts and students. for risk assessment in chemic...

Developing a pipeline risk assessment tool in the upstream oil and gas industry can be a difficult process. Regardless of the intent (integrity management, resource allocation, compliance etc.), challenges in the form of resource limitations and data constraints need to be overcome to develop a functional risk assessment tool. This paper describes Talisman Energy’s experience in developing an i...

A streamlined life-cycle assessment (SLCA) is typically performed at the scale of the completed product. One could also, however, perform SLCAs on components or subsystems (moving down in scale) or on all a corporation’s products (moving up in scale). By analogy with biological ecology, it seems likely that analyses at different scales would ask different questions and reveal different insights...