background: there is a growing concern about the high prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and its relationship with variety of diseases worldwide. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and its relationship with pregnancy adverse effects in yazd. methods: this was a cross sectional study conducted among 200 nulliparous women from october 2013 to april...

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant (IMR) in Pacitan Regency, are still quite high. This is related to access, socio-cultural, educational, economic factors. To prevent more dangerous risks for pregnant women their fetuses, mothers' knowledge about early detection of pregnancy complications needs be increased by holding classes women. experience analyzes the effect women's class on mothers...

21 Thyroid hormones are essential developmental factors, and Graves’ disease (GD) may 22 severely complicate a pregnancy. This review describes how pregnancy changes the risk of 23 developing GD, how early pregnancy by several mechanisms leads to considerable changes in the 24 results of the thyroid function tests used to diagnose hyperthyroidism, and how these changes may 25 complicate the dia...

OBJECTIVE Since the 1990s, pregnancy hypertension rates have declined in some countries, but not all. Increasing rates of early planned delivery (before the due date) have been hypothesised as the reason for the decline. The aim of this study was to explore whether early planned delivery can partly explain the declining pregnancy hypertension rates in Australia. DESIGN Population-based record...

Women with congenital heart disease have increased risks of complications during pregnancy. Several risk scoring tools been developed to quantify the likelihood adverse cardiac outcomes This article describes how comprehensive pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy counseling needs go well beyond these scores. Non-cardiac factors and obstetric fetal are vital components dialogue between multidiscipli...

INTRODUCTION Adolescents having unprotected heterosexual intercourse are at risk of HIV infection and unwanted pregnancy. However, there is little evidence to indicate whether pregnancy in early adolescence increases the risk of subsequent HIV infection. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that adolescent pregnancy (aged 15 or younger) increases the risk of incident HIV infection in young S...

Nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy is associated with challenges for both patients and physicians. Early recognition crucial, when appropriate, renal biopsy should be considered to differentiate preeclampsia from other causes of glomerulopathies. Pregnancy a woman nephrotic high risk, more data are needed highlight outcomes.

Ninety-nine insulin-dependent diabetic women with regular menstrual histories were examined by ultrasonic scanning in the seventh to 14th weeks of pregnancy. As judged by the crown-rump length 38 fetuses were smaller than normal. The term early growth delay is suggested for this phenomenon. Nine fetuses had major congenital malformations, and seven of them were smaller than normal in early preg...

We carried out a prospective study of 221 healthy women who were attempting pregnancy. During the study, women collected daily urine samples and kept daily records of intercourse. Ovulation and early pregnancy losses were later identified by immunoassays of urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin and steroid metabolites. We have used these data to examine whether the risk of early pregnancy loss ...