1 SUMMARY Rust’s strict compile-time semantics make approaches that are often straightforward in other modern languages significantly more difficult or less intuitive. Rust’s concepts of ownership and data lifetimes, along with its limited runtime reflection support constrain users hoping to design loosely coupled and pluggable applications. We explored various approaches to the strategy patter...

BACKGROUND Interspinous spacers are mainly used to treat lumbar spinal stenosis and facet arthrosis. Biomechanically, they stabilise in extension but do not compensate instability in axial rotation and lateral bending. It would therefore be desirable to have an interspinous spacer available, which provides for more stability also in these two planes. At the same time, the intervertebral disc sh...

Fretting wear in aluminium alloy AA5754 joined by self-pierce riveting (SPR), a relatively new fastening technique increasingly used in vehicle structures, has been investigated in this paper. Surface damages have been induced when a joint experienced a sinusoidal cyclic tension-tension load. Various degradation zones have been characterised in the contact surfaces between the aluminium sheets,...

A system-based model for fatigue assessment of riveted railway bridge connections, comprising a number of basic components, is presented in this paper. Probabilistic fatigue load spectra are developed through Monte Carlo simulation of train passages over a finite element model of a typical, short-span bridge. Uncertainties arising from loading, resistance and modelling sources are taken into ac...