There is significant variability in diet-induced obesity (DIO) among humans and rodents, which has been associated with differences in intrinsic spontaneous physical activity (SPA). The orexin neuropeptides positively modulate SPA through multiple brain sites, but the effects of DIO on orexin's activity are not well understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that DIO sensitivity is med...

Dear Editor, Recently, we diagnosed a 50-year-old woman as having reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the uvea, and herein we report that this is the first diagnosis of this condition in a Korean patient. The patient was referred to the ophthalmology clinic with blurry vision due to choroidal mass-like lesions of the right eye for 1 month. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of the right eye wa...

Different viruses trigger pattern recognition receptor systems, such as Toll-like receptors or cytosolic RIG-I like helicases (RLH), and thus induce early type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Such responses may confer protection until adaptive immunity is activated to an extent that the pathogen can be eradicated. Interestingly, the same innate immune mechanisms that are relevant for early path...

Captive flatfishes, such as the Senegalese sole, typically produce very low volumes of sperm. This situation is particularly prevalent in the first generation (F1) of reared sole males, which limits the development of artificial fertilization methods and the implementation of selective breeding programs. In this study, we investigated whether combined treatments with homologous recombinant foll...

Several studies indicated that TLR as well as retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like helicase (RLH) signaling contribute to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-mediated triggering of type I IFN (IFN-I) responses. Nevertheless, TLR-deficient MyD88(-/-)Trif(-/-) mice and RLH-deficient caspase activation and recruitment domain adaptor inducing IFN-β (Cardif)(-/-) mice showed only marginally enhanced sus...

Chi3l1 is induced by a variety of cancers where it portends a poor prognosis and plays a key role in the generation of metastasis. However, the mechanisms that Chi3l1 uses to mediate these responses and the pathways that control Chi3l1-induced tumor responses are poorly understood. We characterized the mechanisms that Chi3l1 uses to foster tumor progression and the ability of the RIG-like helic...

Cigarette smoke (CS) and viruses promote the inflammation and remodeling associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The MAVS/RIG-I-like helicase (MAVS/RLH) pathway and inflammasome-dependent innate immune pathways are important mediators of these responses. At baseline, the MAVS/RLH pathway is suppressed, and this inhibition must be reversed to engender tissue effects; howeve...

BACKGROUND Hypogonadotropic hypogonadal women are characterized by ovarian functionality deficiency, caused by low concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). To recover reproduction functionality, recommended therapies for ovarian induction involve injections of FSH and LH medications. OBJECTIVE Since important differences exist between recombinant and ...

Results RLH ligands induced production of type I IFN, HMGB1 and Hsp70 and translocation of calreticulin to the outer cell membrane of tumour cells. In cocultures, DC upregulated B7 expression, which was mediated by tumourderived type I IFN, whereas TLR, RAGE or inflammasome signaling was dispensable. CD8a DC effectively engulfed apoptotic tumour material and cross-presented tumourassociated ant...

BACKGROUND The addition of recombinant LH (rLH) to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) shows a beneficial effect on ongoing pregnancy rates in poor responder women, with an increase of ongoing pregnancy rate. Next to this possible beneficial effect, there are two potential drawbacks of adding rLH to COH; women have to administer extra injections, and daily rLH injections generate addition...