In the current study, effect of boiled chicken manure (BCM) doses by fertigation, bokashi, and mineral fertilization on agronomic variables, bioactive compounds, nitrate levels two cultivars lettuce (romaine frisée types) one cultivar radicchio chicory was studied. Overall, higher variable values were found for leafy plants in bokashi-fertilized plants. The BCM 5, 7.5, 10% fertilization, genera...

Nutrient solution temperature in a hydroponic system affects °Brix and yield of lettuce; thus, it is important to maintain the water within an appropriate range. Nutrient-film technique (NFT) trials were conducted investigate effects different temperatures (18.3 °C, 21.1 ambient) on growth 17 cultivars from five types (Loose leaf, Romaine, Butterhead, Salanova, Batavian) lettuce. The average da...

The eastern lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera (Palisot de Beauvois) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae)[also known as R. guttata (Houttuyn)], is known to be polyphagous, but little else is known about its diet. Choice and no-choice tests were conducted to determine plant preference. In choice tests, 104 different plants were presented and relative preference was determined using ‘Romaine’ lettuce (La...

This study aimed to determine total antioxidant and antioxidant activity of selected local varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Five varieties (iceberg, butterhead, romaine, green coral and red coral) were subjected to DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) assays for determination of antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content and total flavon...

Organic lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., producers on California's Central Coast rely on endemic syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) to suppress populations of Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (Homoptera: Aphididae) and other aphids affecting lettuce. Growers are using various forms of habitat manipulation to enhance biological control. We surveyed syrphids collected from organic romaine in and around the...

The capacity to distinguish between living and dead cells is an important, but often unrealized, attribute of rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens. In this study, the numbers of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 after inoculation onto Romaine lettuce plants and on plastic (abiotic) surfaces were measured over time by culturing, and quantitative PCR (qPCR), propidium monoazid...

AIM To investigate the effect of curli expression on cell hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and attachment to cut and intact fresh produce surfaces. METHODS AND RESULTS Five Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains were evaluated for curli expression, hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and attachment to intact and cut fresh produce (cabbage, iceberg lettuce and Romaine lettuce) leaves. Biofilm formati...

Chromium was not required for normal growth of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. subsp. longifolia), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), or bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in solution culture containing 3.8 x 10(-4) muM Cr. Plants grown on this purified nutrient solution contained an average of 22 ng Cr/g dry weight. Duckweed (Lemna sp.) grew and reproduced norma...

Two outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in 2006 associated with the consumption of bagged baby spinach and bagged shredded lettuce were collectively responsible for sickening 254 people and causing 3 deaths. Romaine lettuce contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, grown in California, was responsible for causing a multi-state outbreak of 60 infections in 2011. A previous multi-state outb...

During June-August 2013, CDC, state and local public health officials, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated an unusually large number of reports of cyclosporiasis (compared with annual reports to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System [e.g., 123 cases in 2012]), an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. By September 20, CDC had been ...