Environmental problems are one of the most challenging issues for the entire world and each country. In economic studies, environmental issues are analyzed as negative externalities. In this article, the negative externalities of electricity production on the output growth of different sectors and household’s welfare in Iran’s economy have been studied through price system using Computable Gene...

-The paper presents a systematic taxonomy of research areas in the economics of education and gives a number of key topics that deserve more research attention in the future. Emphasis is put on documenting the unit cost of education at different schooling levels and curriculum types, along with the learning and earning outcomes of education. Evidence on the costs and benefits, from both the pri...

T he relative roles of governments and markets have always been an area of fundamental importance in economic theory and policy. For too long, economists were trapped in the false dichotomy that opposed the market and its 'invisible hand' and its planning and implementation capabilities. From Adam Smith's laissez-faire to Keynesian interventionism, from the old structuralist school to neoclassi...

A statistical procedure for detecting “contagious” location patterns for manufacturing establishments is presented. Manufacturing industries’ establishment clustering tendencies are ranked based on the “dispersion parameter” of the negative binomial distribution. Establishment data are for three-digit SIC manufacturing industries, nonmetro counties of BEA Component Economic Areas, 1981 and 1992...

Spatial regression relationships typically specify the structure of spatial relationships among observations using a fixed n by n weight matrix, where n denotes the number of observations. For computational convenience, this weight matrix is usually assumed to represent fixed sample information, making inferences conditional on the particular spatial structure embodied in the weight matrix used...

1 2 3 4 abStRaCt. – While there is widespread agreement among economists and management scholars that knowledge spillovers exist and have important economic consequences, researchers know substantially less about the “micro mechanisms” of spillovers – about the degree to which they are geographically localized, for example, or about the degree to which spillovers from public institutions are qu...

Wireless mesh networks hold promises to provide robust and high-throughput data delivery to wireless users. In a mesh network, high-speed Access Points (HAPs), equipped with advanced antennas, communicate with each other over wireless channels and form an indoor/outdoor broadband backhaul. This backbone efficiently forwards user traffic to a few gateway APs (GAPs), which additionally have high-...