Stacking (pyramiding) several resistance genes of diverse race specificity in one and the same plant by hybridization provides for high durable to major diseases, such as potato late blight (LB), especially when breeders combine highly efficient broad-spectrum that are novel intruding pathogens. Our collection hybrids manifesting long-lasting LB comprises, a whole, germplasm 26 or 22 Solanum sp...

OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the incidence, bacteriology, and complications of retropharyngeal infection (RPI) over an 8-year period. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING Tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS The study population comprised 108 patients younger than 18 years old. INTERVENTION Medical record review of patients with a discharge diagnosis of RPI (Internat...

This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and procrastination and the mediating role of resistance to peer influence (RPI) on this relationship among undergraduates. One hundred and ninety-nine Chinese undergraduate students completed the measures of procrastination, RPI, and self-esteem. Structural Equation Modeling analyses indicated that self-esteem was negatively related to p...

BACKGROUND Rapeseed is an emerging and promising source of dietary protein for human nutrition and health. We previously found that rapeseed protein displayed atypical nutritional properties in humans, characterized by low bioavailability and a high postprandial biological value. The objective of the present study was to investigate the metabolic fate of rapeseed protein isolate (RPI) and its e...

BACKGROUND The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. RET oncogenes arise through sporadic and inherited gene mutations and are involved in the etiopathogenesis of medullary thyroid carcinoma, a cancer that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or MEN2 syndromes. METHODS We investigated t...

Earlier studies conducted on lead-exposed workers have determined the reticulocyte count (RC) (%), but the parameters of Absolute Reticulocyte Count (ARC), Reticulocyte Index (RI), and Reticulocyte Production Index (RPI) were not reported. This study assessed the effect of lead (Pb) exposure on the status of reticulocyte count indices in workers occupied in lead battery plants. The present cros...

In a medical context, decision-making is associated with complicated assessment of gains, losses and uncertainty of outcomes. We here provide novel evidence about the brain mechanisms underlying decision-making of analgesic treatment. Thirty-six healthy participants were recruited and completed the Analgesic Decision-making Task (ADT), which quantified individual tendency of risk-taking (RPI), ...

The NCAA selects teams for their championship tournaments using a selection committee. For the Men’s Division I NCAA Basketball Tournament the committee must factor in the results of over 5,000 regular season games, as well as other qualitative factors. One of the key summary statistics used by the committee during the process is the Rating Percentage Index (RPI). This paper evaluates the commi...

Reinforcement learning is a kind of machine learning. Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a representative class of non-Markovian environments in reinforcemnet learning. We know the Rational Policy Making algorithm (RPM) to learn a deterministic rational policy in POMDPs. Though RPM can learn a policy very quickly, it needs numerous trials to improve the policy. Furthermore ...

Reference point indentation (RPI) was developed to measure material-level mechanical properties of bone in vivo. Studies using RPI in vivo have discriminated between human subjects with previous skeletal fractures and those without and among dogs given different anti-remodeling drugs. Recently, this technology was extended to rats, providing the first in vivo data for rodents. The goal of the p...