A diversity of scales capture facets of reward-related eating (RRE). These scales assess food cravings, uncontrolled eating, addictive behavior, restrained eating, binge eating, and other eating behaviors. However, these scales differ in terms of the severity of RRE they capture. We sought to incorporate the items from existing scales to broaden the 9-item Reward-based Eating Drive scale (RED-9...

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based gene delivery systems are popular due to their superior efficiency of transduction of primary cells. However, these systems cannot be readily used for delivery of anti-HIV-1 genes that target constituents of the packaging system itself due to inimical effects on vector titer. Here we describe HIV-1-based packaging systems containing t...

Rhapontici Radix (RR) has been used in traditional medicine in East Asia and has been shown to have various beneficial effects. However, its biological properties or mechanism on inflammation-related diseases is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhapontici Radix ethanol extract (RRE). The inhibitory effect of R...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effect of riboflavin sodium phosphate on prevention of radiotherapy related esophagitis (RRE). METHODS This retrospective study involved 55 patients with middle and advanced esophageal cancer who were divided into an experimental group of 28 and a control group of 27 patients. Those in the experimental group were treated with riboflavin sodium phosphate c...

Analyzing the logical structure of a sentence is important for understanding natural language. In this paper, we present a task of Recognition of Requisite Part and Effectuation Part in Law Sentences, or RRE task for short, which is studied in research on Legal Engineering. The goal of this task is to recognize the structure of a law sentence. We empirically investigate how the RRE task is cond...

In human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells, the efficient expression of viral proteins from unspliced and singly spliced RNAs is dependent on two factors: the presence in the cell of the viral protein Rev and the presence in the viral RNA of the Rev-responsive element (RRE). We show here that the HIV-1 Rev/RRE system can increase the expression of avian leukosis virus (ALV) structura...

The export of pre-mRNAs coding for the structural genes of the human immunodeficiency virus type I depends on the interaction of the Rev protein with a highly structured viral RNA sequence, the Rev-responsive element (RRE). To gain information about the structure of the RRE and the determinants of the in vivo RRE-Rev interaction, we have analyzed the structure of the 351 nt RRE RNA within livin...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) for patients with a positive diffusion-weighted image (DWI), i.e., transient symptoms with infarction (TSI), is much higher than for those with a negative DWI. The aim of this study was to validate the predictive value of a web-based recurrence risk estimator (RRE; http://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/RRE/) of TSI. ME...

Rev is an essential HIV-1 regulatory protein that binds the Rev responsive element (RRE) within the env gene of the HIV-1 RNA genome and is involved in transport of unspliced or partially spliced viral mRNA from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm. Previous studies have shown that a short alpha-helical peptide derived from Rev (Rev 34-50), and a truncated form of the RRE sequence provide a useful...

We continue to analyze basic constraints on the human decision making from viewpoint of quantum measurement theory (QMT). As it has been found, conventional QMT based projection postulate cannot account for combination question order effect (QOE) and response replicability (RRE). This was an alarming finding quantum-like modeling making. Recently, shown that this difficulty can be resolved by u...