This Chapter focuses on the investigation of an easy and efficacious method of obtaining a hydrogen-producing bacteria (HPB) culture to the detriment of hydrogen-consuming bacteria (HCB), such as methanogens and homoacetogenic bacteria. Although the use of mixed microflora is more viable from both the practical and biological points of view, important limitations arise from the co-activity of H...

The aim of this work was to determine whether reductive acetogenesis can provide an alternative to methanogenesis in the rumen. Gnotobiotic lambs were inoculated with a functional rumen microbiota lacking methanogens and reared to maturity on a fibrous diet. Lambs with a methanogen-free rumen grew well, and the feed intake and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations for lambs lacking ruminal...

The high fibrolytic activity and large biomass of strictly-anaerobic bacteria that inhabit the rumen makes them primarily responsible for the degradation of the forage consumed by ruminants. Llamas feed mainly on low quality fibrous roughages that are digested by an active and diverse microflora. The products of this fermentation are volatile fatty acids and microbial biomass, which will be use...

Standardized feeding of young cattle should be based on scientifically standards, guaranteeing their genetic productivity potential, rational use fodder resources, and proper feed payment with meat products. The current situation regarding the rationing livestock in global domestic, both scientific industrial practices, has fundamentally changed, which requires a significant revision traditiona...

We hypothesized that microbial efficiency and output from fermentation in the rumen would be optimized when peptide supply was balanced with peptide requirement of ruminal microflora. This study was conducted to measure response of varying rumen degradable peptide (RDPep) supply on ruminal fermentation characteristics and steer growth. A continuous culture experiment was conducted with diets fo...

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oleic (OA), linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic (ALA) acid used as supplements (3.5% wt/wt) to a diet containing 80% lucerne and 20% barley on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). The experiment lasted 12 days with 6 days of stabilization period. The fatty acid (FA) supplementation to a mixed diet did not af...

Urease is an enzyme of wide distribution as evidenced by the fact that some 200 species of bacteria, as well as higher plants and animals have been found to possess it (Sumner and Somers, 1953). Pasteur and Miguel were reported to have isolated "urobacilli" from air, soil, and sewage (Cooke and Keith, 1927). Subsequently, the enzyme was found in many soil and intestinal bacteria (Gibson, 1934; ...

The influence of rumen microbial structure and functions on host physiology remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between the ruminal microflora and the host by correlating bacterial diversity with fermentation measurements and feed efficiency traits, including dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, average daily gain, and residual feed intake, using cult...