Rodents anticipate rewarding stimuli such as daily meals, mates, and stimulant drugs. When a single meal is provided daily at a fixed time of day, an increase in activity, known as food anticipatory activity (FAA), occurs several hours before feeding time. The factors affecting the expression of FAA have not been well-studied. Understanding these factors may provide clues to the undiscovered an...

Wheel-running activity of LEW/Ztm rats is characterized by a multimodal pattern consisting of two activity bouts about 3-5 h apart. In this study we investigated the development of activity rhythms in LEW rats born and raised under three different photoperiods (LD 18:6, LD 12:12, and LD 6:18). Wheel-running activity was measured for 6 weeks in LD and for another 6 weeks in constant darkness (DD...

BACKGROUND Participation and performance trends regarding the nationality of ultraendurance athletes have been investigated in the triathlon, but not in running. The present study aimed to identify the countries in which multistage ultramarathons were held around the world and the nationalities of successful finishers. METHODS Finisher rates and performance trends of finishers in multistage u...

The mammalian circadian pacemaker is entrainable by light via the retina. The putative role of extraocular light perception was investigated in blinded hamsters. These animals were shaved and exposed to a light-emitting pad for either 30 min or 3 h. The absence of any phase-shifting effects on wheel running activity rhythms indicates that extraocular light perception plays no functional role in...

We investigated how the human lower-limb joints modulate work and power during walking and running on level ground. Experimental data were recorded from seven participants for a broad range of steady-state locomotion speeds (walking at 1.59±0.09 m s(-1) to sprinting at 8.95±0.70 m s(-1)). We calculated hip, knee and ankle work and average power (i.e. over time), along with the relative contribu...

Policy efforts directed at encouraging physical activity have had minimal success to date. Drawing on Bourdieu's theory of practice, we suggest that a social practice framing might provide useful ways of thinking about why and how some practices do and could change. This article takes three case studies of transformations in mobility practices to explore conditions of possibility for change, us...

This paper gives an overview of the CLARIN project [1], which aims to create a research infrastructure that makes language resources and technology (LRT) available and readily usable to scholars of all disciplines, in particular the humanities and social sciences (HSS).

We investigated the nation related participation and performance trends in triathletes competing in 'Norseman Xtreme Triathlon' between 2006 and 2014 using mixed models, one-way analysis of variance and multi-variate regression analyses. A total of 1594 athletes (139 women and 1455 men) originating from 34 different countries finished the race. Most of the athletes originated from Norway, Germa...

We describe a design for the modular horizontal activity disc and tandem cages suitable for continuous monitoring of spontaneous running and of core temperatures in golden hamsters. An acrylic disc is equipped with a short brass axle. It is mounted inside a brass rotation sleeve at a 15 degrees angle off the horizontal plane. The disc module fits firmly inside either half of the tandem cage whe...