introduction: the aim of this study was evaluate the ability of notochord to induce neural induction and/or differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to neuron and motor neuron, respectively. methods: in order to produce embryoid bodies, es cells line royan b1 were grown in suspension in the absence of lif for 4 days. ebs were divided into 4 groups. ebs in group 1 & 2 were further cultured i...

BACKGROUND The overall survival rate for patients with neuroblastoma has improved over the past two decades, but long-term survival for the subgroup of patients with high-risk disease remains low. In recent years, there has been interest in the potential clinical use of drugs able to induce differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Since 9-cis-retinoic acid induces better and more sustained diffe...

objective(s): sertoli cells support in vivo germ cell production; but, its exact mechanism has not been well understood. the present study was designed to analyze the effect of sertoli cells in differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mescs) to germ cells.   materials and methods: a fusion construct composed of a stra8 gene promoter and the coding region of enhanced green fluorescence pro...

(/) Neiman RS, Barcos M, Berard C, Bonner H, Mann R, Rydell RE, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases. Cancer 1981;48:1426-37. (2) Moore DM, Kalvakolanu DV, Lippman SM, Kavanagh JJ, Hong WK, Borden EC, et al. Retinoic acid and interferon in human cancer: mechanistic and clinical studies. Semin Hematoll994;31:31-7. (3) Adamson PC, Bailey J, Pluda J, Poplack ...

Application of the potent tumor-promoting agent 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to mouse skin leads to a rapid and transient induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity. Several lines of evidence, including the finding that /3-retinoic acid inhibits both phorbol ester-induced ornithine decarboxyl ase activity and the formation of skin papillomas, suggest that...

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that vitamin A and its derivatives such as retinoid and all-trans retinoic acid have a crucial role in memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. The receptors of vitamin A are seen in different parts of the brain such as hippocampus, where vitamin A has an important role in learning. In this study, the effect of intrahippocampal (CA1) injection of al...

retinoic acid is one of the derivatives of vitamin A.it is used for treatment of dermatitis,but it has different teratogenic effects on developing organs depending on the different stages of embryonic life.neural  tube is made of two different parts:primary neural tube originated from embryo germinal layer and and secondary neural tube originated from tail bud.the persent study was designed to ...

After ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis of the mammary carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, we have isolated three clones, U-2, U-3, and U-9, resistant to retinole acid. These three clones showed more than a 1000-fold higher level of resistance to retinoic acid than the parental MCF-7 cells when assayed by colony formation in monolayer culture system or by growth curves. The three resistant clones sho...