Sacrificial dilemmas, especially trolley problems, have rapidly become the most recognizable scientific exemplars of moral situations; they are now a familiar part of the psychological literature and are featured prominently in textbooks and the popular press. We are concerned that studies of sacrif icial dilemmas may lack experimental, mundane, and psychological realism and therefore suffer fr...

A semiconductor processing method for the formation of self-aligned via and trench structures in III-V semiconductor devices in particular, on InP platform is presented, together with fabrication results. As a template for such self-aligned via and trench formations in a surrounding polymer layer on a semiconductor device, we make use of a sacrificial layer that consists of either a SiO2 dielec...

The claimed unanimity of the scientific community about the human culpability for global warming is questioned. Up today there exists no scientific proof of human culpability. It is not the number of authors of a paper, which validates its scientific content. The use of probability to assert the degree of certainty with respect the global warming problem is shown to be misleading. The debate ab...

The effect of a sacrificial layer residue on a cantilever beam in the nano-electro-mechanical nonvolatile memory is investigated for the optimization of reliability characteristics. Different from previous research, pull in voltage model of nano-electro-mechanical nonvolatile memory used triangular residue layer which is considered by real wet etching process. Modified pull in voltage model was...

In this work, 3D structuration of LTCC (Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) for microfluidics was studied, using two novel sacrificial carbon paste compositions. These pastes are based on graphite with a water-soluble vehicle consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone binder (PVP) dissolved in propylene glycol (PG), which is not aggressive to green LTCC material. Both examined pastes differ slightly in b...

A novel formulation for thick-film graphite sacrificial pastes is studied in this paper. It is composed of coarse graphite powder (grain size: 25 μm), dispersed in a vehicle consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dissolved in a propylene glycol (PG) – glycerol (G) – water mix, which is not aggressive to thin LTCC sheets. The presented sacrificial paste has been successfully applied for fabricati...

Patterned three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models aim to more accurately represent the in vivo architecture of a tissue for the purposes of testing drugs, studying multicellular biology, or engineering functional tissues. However, patterning 3D multicellular structures within very soft hydrogels (<500 Pa) that mimic the physicochemical environment of many tissues remains a challenge for exis...

Properties of the organic matrix of bone as well as its function in the microstructure could be the key to the remarkable mechanical properties of bone. Previously, it was found that on the molecular level, calcium-mediated sacrificial bonds increased stiffness and enhanced energy dissipation in bone constituent molecules. Here we present evidence for how this sacrificial bond and hidden length...

A series of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes was tested as photosensitisers for light-driven hydrogen evolution in combination with the complex [Pd(PPh3)Cl2]2 as a source for catalytically-active Pd nanoparticles and triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor. In line with earlier reports, halogenated dyes showed significantly higher hydrogen production activity. All BODIPYs were fully cha...