Many larvae and other plankton have complex and variable morphologies of unknown functional significance. We experimentally and theoretically investigated the functional consequences of the complex morphologies of larval sand dollars, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz), for hydrodynamic interactions between swimming and turbulent water motion. Vertical shearing flows (horizontal gradients of ...

It is well known that geomembranes frequently and easily fail at the seams, which has been a ubiquitous problem in various applications. To avoid failure of geomembrane photocuring was carried out with 1~5% photoinitiator 2% carbon black powder. This can be sprayed cured on soil surface. The obtained then used as barrier, separator, or reinforcement. In this study, direct shear tests were aim t...

Sand-filled, wedge-shaped structures beneath a thin layer of aeolian sand penetrate a preIllinoian till and gravel in northeastern Nebraska. Interpreted to be relic thermal contraction crack wedges, they provide the first definite evidence in this State of the former presence of permafrost. The wedges are 57 m apart, 1.8-2.8 m deep and 0.6-0.9 m across at the top, taper downward to a crack and ...

Sand dripping in 1 dimensional Sand Pile Model is rst studied. Patterns and signals appear. Their behaviors and interactions are explained and asymptotic approximations are made. The total collapsing time of a single stack of sand is linear in function of the number of grains.

the cracked brazilian disc (cbd) specimen is widely used in order to determine mode-i/ii and mixed-mode fracture toughness of a rock medium. in this study, the stress intensity factor (sif) on the crack-tip in this specimen is calculated for various geometrical crack conditions using the extended-finite element method (x-fem). this method is based upon the finite element method (fem). in this m...

Pottery was a traditional art and technology form in pre-colonial Amazonian civilizations, widely used for cultural expression objects, utensils and as cooking vessels. Abundance and workability of clay made it an excellent choice. However, inferior mechanical properties constrained their functionality and durability. The inclusion of reinforcement particles is a possible route to improve its r...

The durability of the self compacting concrete is one prominent areas concern in recent years since it has become prevalent due to its ease handling construction industries. However, there a lack detailed study M-sand with polypropylene fibres literature. In this paper, made by Portland pozzolana cement natural sand and M-sand, different percentages volume fraction (0%, 0.1%, 0.15% 0.2%) thorou...