The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on removal phosphate in a wastewater treatment plant by adding sludge formed at water (water sludge—WTS) city Astana (Kazakhstan). Raw WTS from drying beds was used study, and content chemical compounds present dry residue determined, yielding 10.8–14.6% aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 4.58–5.31% iron (Fe2O3). moisture ranged 90.5 to 95.6%, ash 51.3 6...

1. Patches of stable substratum in streams may be important refugia for benthic organisms during scouring floods. Streambed stone stability, packing and embeddedness were assessed within and adjacent to beds of the macrophyte Justicia americana in five Alabama streams. 2. The force needed to dislodge stones and embeddedness was about two times lower outside Justicia beds than within them. Signi...

A series of model intercomparisons, and model comparisons with field data, was carried out as part of the EU MASTIII SEDMOC Project (1998–2001). Initially, seven ‘research’ models were intercompared over a wide range of wave and current conditions, corresponding to both plane and rippled sand beds. These models included both one-dimensional vertical (1DV) formulations, varying in complexity fro...

Seed predation is an important process governing the dynamics of many plant populations. We assessed seed mortality due to predation in the seagrass Posidonia australis by identifying predators and quantifying predation events using underwater video cameras, laboratory and field observations, and field tethering experiments in shallow-water habitats off Rottnest Island, Western Australia in 200...

Recognition that intermittent pools are a single habitat phase of an intermittent pool bed that cycles between aquatic and terrestrial habitat greatly enhances their usefulness for addressing general questions in ecology. The aquatic phase has served as a model system in many ecological studies, because it has distinct habitat boundaries in space and time and is an excellent experimental system...

Subsurface horizontal flow experimental wetlands (reed beds), were designed and built based on a combination of two design methodologies, that of the WRc and Severn Trent Water plc (1996) and that of the USA, EPA (1988). Four different growing media were used with a combination of top soil, gravel, river sand, and mature sewage sludge compost, to determine the best substrate for total suspended...

Sand-®lled cracks from the Lower Fine-grained Quartzite of Dalradian (late Proterozoic) age on the Island of Islay, western Scotland, may be divided into two main types, both of which form orthogonal and non-orthogonal closed patterns on bedding surfaces. Type 1 cracks are short and lenticular in cross-section, contain sand which had been injected downwards, and are found on the bottoms of cros...

Many landfill siting reports, of which those of the Franklin County, OH, landfill are typical, imply continuity of minor sand bodies in till between widely-spaced test holes where sand deposits fall within similar depth ranges. This review of studies of the local origin of most sand and gravel "lenses" or "seams," and their transport in active glaciers, however, indicate that most such deposits...