Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection strategies were adopted to examine the etiology and vectorship of pear decline in Taiwan (PDTW). 16S rDNA sequences were amplified from total DNAs prepared from PDTW-affected pear trees Pyrus serotina Rehd. cv. Hengshan and pear psyllid Cacopsylla chinensis using PCR. According to the sequence analyses, C. chinensis carried phytoplasmas of two 16S...

We developed 22 SSRs by using 3 approaches, RAHM (random amplified hybridization microsatellites), 5’ anchored PCR methods and an enriched genomic library. Seventy of 22 SSRs could be successfully amplified for Pyrus spp., which showed highly polymorphic. Sixty Asian pear accessions from 6 Pyrus species were genetically identified by 9 SSR markers with a total of 133 putative alleles. The SSR m...

many characteristics of pear trees such as growth, fruit size and yield, are influenced by the genetic characteristic of the rootstocks. in iran, mainly european pear seedlings (pyrus communis l.) are used as the rootstock in the pear orchards. thus, evaluation of pear seedling rootstocks is an important task. this experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons in order to explore th...

Enriched beverage prepared by supplementing pear juice with jamun pulp was assessed for antioxidant activity and quality. Jamun pulp was supplemented at the levels of 5,10,15,20 and 25 per cent and optimized on the basis of sensory evaluation and color characteristics. Sensory scores were highest for pear juice supplemented with 20 per cent jamun pulp and was further chosen for storage studies....

Genetic maps are essential tools for pear genetics and genomics research. In this study, we first constructed an integrated simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based consensus genetic map for pear based on common SSR markers between nine published maps. A total of 5,085 markers, including 1,232 SSRs and 3,853 SNPs, were localized on a consensus map spanning 3,2...

In plants, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligases (4CLs), comprising some of the adenylate-forming enzymes, are key enzymes involved in regulating lignin metabolism and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and other secondary metabolites. Although several 4CL-related proteins were shown to play roles in secondary metabolism, no comprehensive study on 4CL-related genes in the pear and other Rosaceae species h...

Studies evaluated blends of the pear-derived kairomone ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone, loaded in gray halobutyl septa, as attractants for adult codlingmoth,Cydia pomonella L. Studies were conducted in apple orchards, Malus domestica Borkhausen, treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Septa were loaded with either one or both compounds at rates o...

With the development of Bakhtin's theory of polyphony in literary criticism, the kind of attitude to literary texts has changed, and according to the needs of modern society, this discourse became the focus of attention of thinkers and literary theorists. Polyphony, with its own meta-lingual potentials, brings with it a new approach, a rethinking of the audience, so that the reader can have a n...

Although intraand interpersonal intluences have long been acknowledged in medical science to affect an individual's health both positively and negatively, the impact of non-local, transpersonal influences are generally denied in contemporary medical science. The present paper examines anecdotal, ethnographic, anthropological, clinical, and experimental evidence suggesting that non-local, transp...

This paper presents a review of cactus-pear juice production. Its technological characteristics are considered, as well as the main difficulties in obtaining high-quality juice. Acidity, pigments, aroma, and other components play an important role in the cactus pear juice processing. Betalain and chlorophyll are present in purple and green cactus pear juices, and heat treatment of the juices af...