We have investigated the interactions between economic growth and industrial wastewater discharge from 1978 to 2007 in China's Hunan Province using co-integration theory and an error-correction model. Two main economic growth indicators and four representative industrial wastewater pollutants were selected to demonstrate the interaction mechanism. We found a long-term equilibrium relationship b...

the ecological footprint is a useful tool that we can use it to inform the public about the pressure on ecology and the environment. also, by measuring it, policymakers can design and implement the necessary programs to help reduce that pressure. in order to measure the potential impact of future activities and policies of development programs on the environment, it is necessary to study the sh...

This paper brings to light a method based on Multiphase algorithm for single variable equation using Newton's correction. Newton's method is derived through the logarithmic differentiation of polynomial equation. A correction term which enhances the high speed of convergence is hereby introduced. A translation of Newton's method to Total Step and Single Step Methods (T. S. M and S. S. M) re...

We derived and solved the compositeness condition in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model at the next-to-leading order in 1/N , and obtained the expressions for the effective coupling constants in terms of the compositeness scale. In the NJL model with a scalar composite, the next to leading contributions are too large for N = 3. In the induced gauge theory with abelian gauge symmetry, the correction t...

In situ transport measurements have been made on ultrathin (<100 A thick) polycrystalline Fe films as a function of temperature and magnetic field for a wide range of disorder strengths. For sheet resistances Rxx less than approximately 3kOmega, we find a logarithmic temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall conductivity sigmaxy, which is shown for the first time to be due to a universal sca...

Cameras record three colour responses (RGB) which are device dependent. Camera coordinates are mapped to a standard colour space such as XYZ useful for colour measurement by a mapping function e.g. the simple 3 × 3 linear transform (usually derived through regression). This mapping, which we will refer to as LCC (linear colour correction), has been demonstrated to work well in the number of stu...

The paper presents a fuzzy based impulse noise filter for both gray scale and color images. The proposed approach is based on the technique of boundary discriminative noise detection. The algorithm is a multi-step process comprising detection, filtering and color correction stages. The detection procedure classifies the pixels as corrupted and uncorrupted by computing decision boundaries, which...

In order to decrease the velocity sculling error under vibration environments, a new sculling error compensation algorithm for strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) using angular rate and specific force measurements as inputs is proposed in this paper. First, the sculling error formula in incremental velocity update is analytically derived in terms of the angular rate and specific force. ...

This paper is concerned with the problem of designing a robust adaptive controller for flexible joint robots (FJR). Under the assumption of weak joint elasticity, FJR is firstly modeled and converted into singular perturbation form. The control law consists of a FAT-based adaptive control strategy and a simple correction term. The first term of the controller is used to stability of the slow dy...