We present a novel scanning proximal probe microscope design utilizing a piezo-electric driven coarse positioning mechanism in x, y, and z, while maintaining relatively small lateral dimensions. The instrument is suitable for insertion into a dewar. The primary purpose of this work is to develop a stable yet versatile instrument in order to meet the signal averaging limitations imposed by low s...

Advances in micro and nano fabrication technologies have enabled fabrication of smaller and more sensitive devices for applications not only in solid-state physics but also in medicine and biology. The demand for devices that can precisely transport material, specifically fluids are continuously increasing. Therefore, integration of various technologies with numerous functionalities in one sing...

Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique developed to observe and image magnetic fields locally. This method is based on application of the Hall Effect, supplied by a micro hall probe attached to the end of cantilever as a sensor.  SHPM provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material and can also image magnetic induction under a...

Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique developed to observe and image magnetic fields locally. This method is based on application of the Hall Effect, supplied by a micro hall probe attached to the end of cantilever as a sensor.  SHPM provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material and can also image magnetic induction under a...

background: the purpose of this study was to compare the effi cacy of endovac irrigation system and side-vented closed ended needle (max-i probe) in removing smear layer from root canals at 1 mm and 3 mm from working length using protaper rotary instrumentation. materials and methods: a total of 50 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into two groups after complete...