This paper tackles a new problem called Stochastic Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (SCARP), derived from the CARP by randomizing the demands. It is raised by applications like urban waste collection, in which the amount on each arc is a random variable. In that case, the trips computed by any algorithm based on estimated demands can be deeply affected on the field, due to additional moves to th...

[1] Topographic profiles across a lobate fault scarp on Mercury have been used to constrain the depth of faulting to 30–40 km. Here we use this depth to place constraints on the crustal thickness and heat flow into the base of the crust. With no crustal heat production, the mantle heat flux on Mercury at the time of scarp formation was 30–50 mWm . However, higher crustal heat production rates a...

Large-scale expressions of lunar tectonics—contractional wrinkle ridges and extensional rilles or graben—are directly related to stresses induced by mare basalt-filled basins1,2. Basin-related extensional tectonic activity ceased about 3.6 Gyr ago, whereas contractional tectonics continued until about 1.2 Gyr ago2. In the lunar highlands, relatively young contractional lobate scarps, less than ...

Landslides often cause economic losses, property damage, and loss of lives. Monitoring landslides using high spatial and temporal resolution imagery and the ability to quickly identify landslide regions are the basis for emergency disaster management. This study presents a comprehensive system that uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Semi-Global dense Matching (SGM) techniques to identify ...

Introduction: Chasma Boreale, a large reentrant in the martian North Pole, is distinct from other polar troughs by its large size and counterclockwise orientation [5]. The ~ 1300 m deep chasma extends for ~ 500 km from its proposed origin at 85° N, 2o E and is on average ~ 60 km wide. The head of the feature is marked by two major steep, arcuate scarps. Extending from the mouth of Chasma Boreal...