This study tested a conceptual model of school climate in which two key elements of an authoritative school, structure and support variables, are associated with student engagement in school and lower levels of peer aggression. Multilevel multivariate structural modeling was conducted in a statewide sample of 48,027 students in 323 public high schools who completed the Authoritative School Clim...

The earliest provision in Britain and Ireland for destitute children is to be found in the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1598. It provided for the appointment in every parish of ‘overseers of the poor’ with, among other specific duties, those of ‘setting to work the children of all such whose parents shall not be thought able to keep and maintain their children’. In 1771, legislation was en...

In response to persistent racial disparities in academic and behavioral outcomes between Black and White students, equitable school climate has drawn attention as a potential target for school reform. This study examined differences in Black and White students' experiences of school climate and explored whether indicators of school organizational health and staff burnout moderated differences i...

This case study is about the politics of incorporating active-living elements into a concept plan for a new community of about 68,000 people on the edge of the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. Development on the rural-urban fringe is ongoing in metropolitan areas around the United States. In this article, we evaluate the product of the concept-planning process from the standpoint of the ext...

Situated on high, chalky ground on the southernmost boundary of the parish, there are what I may term two sections, undei separate superintendence. On the west side of the old Brighton Road are the schools for boys from eight to sixteen, infants from four to eight, and the probationary wards, to which all the new-comers are sent for a fortnight's quarantine. On the east side of a branch of the ...

Walking rates to school remain low for U.S. children in large part due to parent concern for child safety. Little research has investigated the specific features of streets and intersection networks that parents associate with safe walking networks for children. To investigate which aspects of the child walking environment lead to parental concern, parent volunteers conducted an audit of street...

Our 2005 representative national survey (2,972 interviews) shows an overwhelmingly common and strong religious intolerance towards Western churches that are legally deemed “non-traditional” and are commonly perceived as foreign to Russia. Most Russians would not let Western groups build churches, establish religious schools, or engage in other basic religious activities in their hometowns. West...

Children and youth who have experienced foster care or orphanage-rearing have often experienced complex developmental trauma, demonstrating an interactive set of psychological and behavioral issues. Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) is a therapeutic model that trains caregivers to provide effective support and treatment for at-risk children. TBRI has been applied in orphanages, courts,...

It is now eleven years since I first walked through the crowded streets on the Lower East Side of New York on a hot summer day. 1 was struck by seeing half grown boys playing cards on the doorsteps of their houses with an intensity and passion that was astonishing. My first reaction was to think what could be done with these energies if shifted to a more constructive channel. Since then I have ...

Introduction: Educational environment is an important determinant ofstudents’ behavior and its elements are associated with academic achievement and course satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine students’expectations of the ideal educational environment.Methods: This was a qualitative study with content analysis approach. Using a theoretical sampling method, we selected eight stud...