Migraine is a common episodic headache disorder; prevalence of migraine in most western countries is 10-12%. The mechanism of migraine pain development is not fully understood. The theory of neurogenic inflammation proposes that the main event is the inflammation in the vessel wall which leads to leakage of nociceptive substances, causing thickening of the vessel wall and dilatation of vascular...

Where do new ideas come from? How much confidence do we have in scientific theories? How should one tackle a new problem "scientifically"? What can science achieve, and what are its limitations? The Scientific Approach, written by the winner of two international prizes for contributions to the subject, answers these and many other philosophical questions in terms comprehensible both to the libe...

positivism is an empirical approach for understanding of human communication and phenomena, which raised firstly french famous thinker “august comte”. human and social sciences were under domination of positive thought for a long time. in criminal law inter alia italian famous thinkers sought to analyses the crime problem with a positive approach. however, some of their point of view such as bo...