Introduction: Observations of Titan’s polar lakes and seas to date suggest that their surfaces have been qualitatively smooth. Yet it might be expected from the thick atmosphere and low gravity that lakes on Titan would have wave-roughened surfaces. Here we show results (discussed in more detail in a submitted paper [1]) that there are two possible explanations. First, that some or all of Titan...

A robust method to estimate vertical crustal motions by combining geocentric sea level measurements from decadal (1992 2003) TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimetry and long-term (> 40 years) relative sea level records from tide gauges using a novel Gauss-Markov stochastic adjustment model is presented. These results represent an improvement over a prior study (Kuo et al. 2004) in Fennoscandia, wher...

Using a nonhydrostatic numerical model, this work demonstrates that onshore winds are a principal agent of overturning and vigorous vertical mixing in nearshore water of lakes and inner continental shelves. On short (superinertial) timescales of a few hours, onshore winds create surface currents pushing water against the shore which, via the associated pressure gradient force, creates an underc...

The article by Knap et al., “Indicators of Ocean Health and Human Health: Developing a Research and Monitoring Framework” (Knap et al. 2002), was a welcome overview of issues that link the environmental condition of marine/ocean ecosystems and human disease. The complement to the growing concern about the connection between health and the marine environment is a corresponding emphasis on large ...

Aquatic animals, which are ecologically important consumers in aquatic ecosystems and widely distributed rivers, lakes, seas, occupy 70% of the earth’s surface, respond unique ways to environmental changes at various temporal spatial scales, have optimized strategies for survival [...]

Saturn’s largest moon Titan [1] is one of the easiest places in the solar system for aerodynamic or buoyant flight: it has a thick, cold atmosphere with high molecular weight, and it has a low surface gravity. Titan has a varied landscape featuring lakes filled with liquid hydrocarbons, mountains, river channels, vast seas of organic sand dunes, craters, cryovolcanos and other features. It is a...

The basic theory of internal solitary waves is reviewed, with the main emphasis on applications to the many observations of such waves in shallow coastal seas, fjords, lakes and in the atmospheric boundary layer. Commencing with the equations of motion for an inviscid, incompressible density-stratified fluid, we describe asymptotic reductions to model long-wave equations, including the well-kno...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Microbial ecology of the seas and oceans 2.1. Functional groups of marine microorganisms 2.2. Important biogeochemical cycles in marine environments 3. Microbial ecology of freshwater 3.1 Biodiversity of microorganisms in freshwater environments 3.2 Food webs in freshwater environments 4. Microbial ecology of lakes 5. Microbial ecology of running waters 6. Microbial ...