Statural growth is dependent on hereditary and environmental factors, i.e disease, nutrition. The improvement of socioeconomic conditions that took place during the 20th century resulted in a secular trend towards greater height and earlier sexual maturation. Greek society has changed dramatically from a mainly agricultural society at the beginning of the 20th century to a mainly urban one in t...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether a secular trend in growth occurred during the last century in Pygmies from Cameroon (West Pygmies) and in Bantu rural farmers, the latter being studied to serve as controls. DESIGN The evolution in height of West Pygmies and Bantu farmers from 1911 to 2006 was evaluated using data from the literature as well as data gathered by our re...

is religious commitment declining? is the form of religiosity changing in the society of mashhad? to find answers to these questions, we studied the various theories of secularization and determined its three levels. we defined individual secularization and its product; the secular attitude, and determined its dimensions and its indexes. next we measured the secular attitude. we then studied th...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate short-term effects of publishing revised lower risk national drinking guidelines on related awareness and knowledge. To examine where drinkers heard about guidelines over the same period. DESIGN Trend analysis of the Alcohol Toolkit Study, a monthly repeat cross-sectional national survey. SETTING England, November 2015 to May 2016. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 845 adu...

Whether children, especially girls, are entering and progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s has been debated. Secular trend analysis, based on available data, is limited by data comparability among studies in different populations, in different periods of time, and using different methods. As a result, conclusions from data comparisons have not been consistent. An exper...

BACKGROUND Menopause is an important milestone of a woman's reproductive life. There is limited data on the secular trend of menopausal age. The purpose of this study is to identify the secular trend of menopausal age and its related factors among Tehrani women born during 1930 - 1960. METHODS A total number of 2266 women, born between 1930 and 1960, were recruited among TLGS participants. Th...

Objective: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an important condition in diabetes categories causing significant complications including pre-eclampsia and eclampsia among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to estimate the trend of annual GDM incidence and its risk factors in Yazd province, Iran, from 2008 to 2013. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted as a prospectiv...