Abstract Equivalence scales are policy parameters for inequality measurement, tax deductions and subsidies. Thus, their accuracy is relevant both budgets social cohesion; however, measurement subject to debate regarding the underlying measure of welfare. Self-assessed insecurities in terms clothing, housing food—or basic needs—imply that at least some households lower levels welfare than those ...

Government policies on the acquisition of software-intensive systems have recently undergone a significant shift in emphasis toward use of existing commercial products. Some Requests for Proposals (RFPs) now include a mandate concerning the amount of COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) products that must be included. This interest in COTS products is premised on a number of factors, not least of wh...

The need for active safety, highway guidance, telematics, traffic management, cooperative driving, driver convenience and automatic toll payment will require future intelligent vehicles to communicate with other vehicles as well as with the road-side infrastructure. However, inter-vehicle and vehicle to roadside infrastructure communications will impose some security threats against vehicles’ s...

Information needs to be transmitted to and from the organisation, and thus may be vulnerable within certain stages along the communications line. If at any stage of the process, the information is compromised, it could have a negative impact on the entire organisation. Protective measures such as disaster recover plans, encryption / decryption, and information systems controls, can minimize or ...

This paper proposes a personal information protection model that allows a user to regulate his or her own personal information and privacy protection policies to receive services provided by a service provider without having to reveal personal information in a way that the user is opposed to. When the user needs to receive a service that requires personal information, the user will only reveal ...

As information systems become increasingly important to the functions of organizations, security and reliable operation of these systems are also becoming increasingly important. Interoperability, information sharing, collaboration, design imperfections, limitations, and the like lead to vulnerabilities that can endanger information system security and operation. Unfortunately, understanding an...