A method of calculating the amplitudes of bodily waves in earthquakes is applied to a study of the amplitudes of longitudinal waves produced by an artificial explosion. Formulae are given for calculating the energy of the reflected longitudinal wave arriving at the surface. The percentage of energy reflected at a discontinuity increases rapidly after the angle of incidence exceeds the critical ...

Landslides triggered by strong earthquakes often caused most of the global damage and most of all casualties related to the events, such as shown by the M = 7.7 Peru earthquake in 1970, by the M = 7.6 El Salvador earthquake in 2001 or by the M = 7.4 Khait (Tajikistan) earthquake in 1949. The obvious impact of a landslide on the population is directly related to its movement. Yet, prediction of ...

Seismic techniques for direct hydrocarbon indication rely on the changes in seismic character which accompany changes in pore fluid content. Interpretation and modeling of direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) require an understanding of the factors affecting seismic velocities and reflection coefficients which are, in turn, dependent on pore fluid properties, rock frame properties, and fluid su...

Non-seismic methods such as gravity and magnetic prospecting can provide valuable complementary information in oil gas exploration complex with seismic data. The integration of non-seismic research has become increasingly important recent years due to advancements technology the use artificial intelligence. these allows for a more comprehensive understanding subsurface improve accuracy predicti...