the victory of tugrul in dandanghan (431 hq/1073 ad) heralded the rule of seljuks in persia. the pinnacle of this period could be said to have been the ten years reign of alp arsalan (455-65/1063-73) and twenty years reign of his son malekshah (465-85/1063-73). these thirty years of continuous rule by father and son coincided with the chancellorship of khajeh nizam al-mulk, a wise counselor to ...

lamei gorgani was a famous poet who lived in 5th century ah during the reign of great seljuks. since he belongs to the period of cultural transition from the ghaznavids to the seljuks, he can be considered as an important notable poet, and because the volume of court and official poetry in early seljuk period (the period of tughril, alp arsalan and malik shah) was less than the periods before a...

III. Haçlı Seferi, Selâhaddin Eyyûbî’nin 1187 yılında Kudüs Krallığı Ordusu’nu Hıttin Savaşı’nda (4 Temmuz) mağlup edip Kudüs’ü fethi (2 Ekim) ardından başlamış ve Ortaçağ kaynaklarına göre 1189-1192 yılları arasında devam etmiştir. Bu, güzergâhında Anadolu Yarımadası’nın yer aldığı üçüncü seferdir. Sefer sırasında yarımadadan geçen birliklere Kutsal-Roma Germen İmparatoru Friedrich Barbarossa ...

The first mosque in Central Asia was situated the center of ancient Merv (Gyaur-kala) crossroad two main streets, starting from four gates town. erected second half 7th century, after Arab troops conquered Merv. became known as Beni Makhan Mosque. Using data medieval sources and topographical works 1950s. M. Masson managed to find out location began excavations, which were completed later 1960s...

This study reveals the prevalence of Kurdish tribal states, political entities, in vicinity Abbasid city Baghdad. Through a presentation lives and contributions leading Jawani personalities, it is shown that states contributed to development early Islam from both religious aspects. The emirs were involved most Baghdadi region’s dealings with caliphate. They also had Buwayhids, Ukaylids, Mazyadi...

Theory (as attested by the military manuals) and practice prove that attrition warfare associated tactics of deception surprise played an important role in byzantine history. The paper studies cases attacks exercised Byzantines from 11th till 13th century. Important leaders such as Alexios I Komnenos were masters used skillfully strategy whenever open battle against a strong opponent was very p...

The Seljuks, with their important role in Islamic civilization, spent two periods lives, which paved the way for many changes and innovations art, especially pottery. first period is era of authority, appeared world as an empire, second disintegration, downfall. purpose this study to investigate developments Seljuk society how social structure influences evolution pottery these periods. With a ...