BACKGROUND Spinal anesthesia is an important and commonly used method for surgical anesthetic in operating rooms. However, even with identical drug dosage and administration mode, the extent of drug distribution in vivo is highly variable and difficult to control. Preanesthetic administration of fluids immediately before spinal anesthesia (preload) is normal practice. The choice of fluid type m...

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical characteristics of sensory and motor block as well as haemodynamic stability using plain and hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. METHODS Two equal groups were formed from a total of 60 patients who were enrolled in this prospective randomised double-blinded study that was done at tertiary care hospital in Karach, during 2005 to...

Background. The behaviour of isobaric levobupivacaine in relation to gravity when used in obstetric spinal anesthesia is unclear. Methods. 46 women with ASA physical status 1 undergoing cesarean section were randomly allocated to 2 groups. Spinal anesthesia with 12.5 mg levobupivacaine was performed in the sitting position in all women. Those in the first group were placed in the supine positio...

Background and Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural volume extension (EVE) technique in terms of sensory and motor block characteristics along with hemodynamic parameters as a part of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA). Materials and Methods A total of 60 patients undergoing hip surgeries were assigned to one of the two groups containing 30 patients ...

BACKGROUND A relationship between the depth of sedation as measured by the bispectral index (BIS) and spinal sensory block height in patients with light to no additional sedation has been described previously. The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that BIS values closely correlate with the spread of spinal sensory block in patients deeply sedated with an i.v. target-contr...

Background. It was suggested that labor may influence the spread of intrathecal bupivacaine using combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique. However, no previous studies investigated this proposition. We designed this study to investigate the spinal block characteristics of plain bupivacaine between nonlaboring and laboring parturients using CSE technique. Methods. Twenty-five nonlaboring (Group...

BACKGROUND A decreased lumbosacral subarachnoidal space volume is a major factor in the cephalad intrathecal spread of local anesthetics in term parturients and their subarachnoidal space is decreased due to the compressive effect of huge uteri. Therefore, they show a higher level of sensory block and hypotensive episodes. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the symphysis-fundal...