The parallel conductance volume, created by the conductivity of structures surrounding the ventricular blood pool, can be estimated by using a saline dilution technique. This paper examines the use of a novel volume reduction method, during a standard vena caval preload reduction maneuver, as an alternative to the routinely used saline dilution method to calibrate conductance catheter measureme...

When the endotoxin content of ground beef was determined by direct serial dilution and by three-tube most-probable-number methods, the results were not significantly different, although the latter method provided more specific values for individual samples.

We propose a simple technique for bacterial and yeast cfu estimations from diverse samples with no prior idea of viable counts, designated as single plate-serial dilution spotting (SP-SDS) with the prime recommendation of sample anchoring (100 stocks). For pure cultures, serial dilutions were prepared from 0.1 OD (100) stock and 20 μl aliquots of six dilutions (101-106) were applied as 10-15 mi...

A series of novel bis-1,3,4-oxadizaoles were synthesized by oxidative cyclisation of respective Schiff bases derived from dicarbohydrazide using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as catalyst. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 87), Escherichia coli (MTCC 46) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (NCIM 3471) by tw...

the mucus layer on the skin of fish contain a several of antimicrobial compounds that provide a first line of defense against fish pathogens. this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of prebiotic grobiotic®-a on antimicrobial activity and some immune parameters of mucus of cultured juvenile beluga (huso huso). for this purpose, four groups of beluga sturgeon with mea...

nowadays, uncontrolled and frequent use of antibiotics may cause emergence of microbial resistanceamong pathogenic agents. therefore, the use of new synthetic and natural antimicrobial compounds isinevitable. one source of natural compounds in this respect comes from plants. the purpose of this study was to examine the antibacterial effects of peel extracts from sour and sweet pomegranate. meth...

Serial dilution and single dilution enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were standardised and their sensitivity and specificity were compared for serodiagnosis of Babesia equi infection. The antibody titres of 24 donkey sera of known identity were determined separately by serial dilution ELISA using three different B. equi antigens namely whole merozoite (WM), cell membrane (CM) and high...