BACKGROUND Serogroup distribution of sterile site pneumococcal isolates varies between developing and developed countries as well as between different geographical regions. The potential efficacy of any pneumococcal vaccine depends on the degree of representation of the prevalent serogroups in the vaccine. We conducted this study to determine the prevalent pneumococcal serogroups causing invasi...

BACKGROUND Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a pathogen of multiple serogroups that is highly prevalent in many populations. Serogroups associated with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Canada, for example, include A, B, C, W-135, X and Y. IMD is a rare but serious outcome of Nm infection, and can be prevented with vaccines that target certain serogroups. This has stimulated the development ...

BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O- Serogroups with their virulence factors are the most prevalent causes of UTIs. OBJECTIVES The present investigation was performed to study the virulence factors and O-Serogroups profiles of UPEC isolated from Iranian pediatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross sectional investigation was performed on 100 urine samples collected from hospi...

Recent evidence based on the current epidemiological situation suggests that vaccines against canine leptospirosis in Europe should be directed against infection with Leptospira interrogans (sensu lato) serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa and Australis. In the eight studies presented here, dogs were vaccinated with Nobivac L4 (MSD Animal Health), a new tetravalent inactivate...

In this study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in the detection of the attaching and effacing (eae) gene of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (SLT-EC). Oligonucleotide primers, complementary to the 5' portion of the eae gene of the enteropathogenic E. coli E2348/69 (O127:H6) and of SLT-EC CL8 and EDL933 (O157:H7), generated PCR products of the predicted sizes with DNA fro...

BACKGROUND Outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis (meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis) are a major public health concern in the African "meningitis belt," which includes 21 countries from Senegal to Ethiopia. Of the several species that can cause meningitis, N. meningitidis is the most important cause of epidemics in this region. In choosing the appropriate vaccine, accurate N. meningit...

The purpose of this study was to determine the virulence genes and serotype of Shiga -toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from milk samples of cattle. A total of 51 milk samples collected from different unorganized farms in an around Guwahati city were screened for E. coli and out of these 51 samples 30 (58.82%) yielded E. coli. All the 30 E. coli isolates were subjected to...

Ninety two non-penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (non-PPNG) strains were investigated by the restriction enzyme technique with Hind III enzyme. Serogrouping by coenzyme. A with monoclonal antibodies and testing susceptibility to doxycycline were also performed by an agar dilution method. Fifteen different restriction enzyme patterns were shown, of which three represented 50% (46/92)...

Invasive meningococcal disease occurs worldwide causing an estimated 50,000-135,000 deaths each year in addition to significant sequelae. In developed countries the disease is usually sporadic but outbreaks and epidemics, usually due to serogroups B and C, have occurred. In the US, an increasing number of cases are due to serogroup Y. In developing nations, epidemics due to serogroups A and mor...

BACKGROUND More than 90 immunologically distinct serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae exist, and it is not fully elucidated whether the serotype is a risk factor for severity of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Our hypothesis is that serotypes differ in their capacity to cause septic shock. METHODS We performed a retrospective study in Southern Sweden based upon 513 patients with IPD in ...