visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a zoonotic disease caused by leishmania species. dogs are considered to be the main reservoir of vl. a number of methods and antigen-based assays are used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. however, currently available methods are mainly based on direct examination of tissues for the presence of parasites, which is highly invasive. a variety of serological tests ...

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. This disease affects several animals and humans. Symptoms leptospirosis can range from mild to severe, may in some cases lead death. For diagnosis leptospirosis, microscopic agglutination test considered “gold standard”; however, it has limitations studies are being conducted develop alternative methods screening...