many findings point to the presence of a close relationship between the immune, endocrine and neurologic systems. for example the suppressive effects of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hcg) on il-l production, the potentiative effect of enkephalins on lymphocyte functions and the suppressive effect of leuteinizing hormone (lh) on natural killer (nk) cell activities have been clearly establish...

a highly sensitive electrochemicalimmunosensor was developed to detect hcg based on immobilization ofhcg-antibody (anti-hcg) onto robust nanocomposite containing gr, chit,1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium tetra fluoro borate ionic liquid (il)(gr-il-chit). aunps were used to immobilize hcg antibody on the modifiedelectrode. the amine groups of the antibody are covalently attached toaunps/gr-il-chit n...

Human chorionic gonadotropin has been used for decades, in addition to specific investigations, to detect pregnancy, trophoblastic tumors, as well as congenital defects. Rarely, it can be elevated in  non-trophoblastic tumors such as squamous cell cancers and germ cell tumors. A 33-year-old Asian Syrian female had irregular menses accompanied with feelings of heaviness in the vagina. In additio...

1. Cole LA, Shahabi S, Oz UA, Rinne KM, Omrani A, Bahado-Singh RO, Mahoney MJ. Urinary screening tests for fetal Down syndrome: II. Hyperglycosylated hCG. Prenat Diagn 1999;19:351–9. 2. Kovalevskaya G, Birken S, Kakuma T, Ozaki N, Sauer M, Lindheim S, et al. Differential expression of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) glycosylation isoforms in failing and continuing pregnancies: preliminary ch...

background: considering the effect of preterm delivery in morbidity and mortality of newborns, its precaution and prevention is so important. objective: to investigate the association between second trimester maternal serum biomarkers (human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, non-conjugated estrogen, inhibin a) and pre-term delivery. materials and methods: this is a historical cohort st...

BACKGROUND Several markers were studied previously in order to predict the pregnancy outcome of assisted reproductive techniques; however, serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin was found to be the most predictive marker. AIMS To evaluate the value of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels in discriminating biochemical and clinical pregnancies 12 days after embryo transfer, while det...

Background: Spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rarely occurs during pregnancy and is usually associated with high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, in conditions such as molar or multifetal pregnancies. Case report: Here we report spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation in a patient presenting with missed abortion at 16th week of gestation, when serum ß-subunit human chorionic gon...