in order to identify the sex marker in mahisefied, rutilus frisii kutum, samples from 5 male and 5 female fish were collected from the south caspian sea. polymerase chain reaction random amplified polymorphic dna (pcr-rapd) was performed using 124 primer sets. all bands were numbered using 1 and 0 scores corresponding to the presence or absence of bands, respectively and data were analyzed usin...

Sexual differentiation in birds is controlled genetically as in mammals, although the sex chromosomes are different. Males have a ZZ sex chromosome constitution, while females are ZW. Gene(s) on the sex chromosomes must initiate gonadal sex differentiation during embryonic life, inducing paired testes in ZZ individuals and unilateral ovaries in ZW individuals. The traditional view of avian sexu...