Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) feeding behavior often varies in different surroundings. Moreover, predation decreases gray squirrel foraging activity and influences the types of areas in which they choose to forage. We examined whether shaded areas help gray squirrels hide from predators, allowing them to eat more food as opposed to being in open areas. Our hypothesis stated that ...

Abmact-In this correspondence, we show that images that could not have arisen from shading on a smooth surface with uniform reflecting properties and lighting exist. Much work has been done on recovering surface shape from images, and there has been some attention paid to the question of uniqueness. It has been shown, for example, that singular points curtail ambiguity. However, little has been...

We investigated whether root grafts between lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl. ex. Loud.) trees can transfer sufficient carbohydrate reserves from a source tree to a grafted sink tree to affect the vigor of trees growing in a light-limited environment. Eleven plots were established in early spring and two grafted tree pairs and two independent non-grafted trees were selected a...

Partially shaded photovoltaic (PV) modules typically exhibit additional difficulties in tracking the maximum power point since their power–voltage characteristics are complex and may have multiple local maxima. For this reason, conventional techniques fail to track the maximum power point effectively if the PV array is partially shaded or some of its cells are damaged. This paper presents a nov...

Host plant phenology (as influenced by seasonality) and light-mediated changes in the phenotypic and phytochemical properties of leaves have been hypothesised to equivocally influence insect herbivore performance. Here, we examined the effects of seasonality, through host plant phenology (late growth-season = autumn vs flowering-season = winter) and light environment (shade vs full-sun habitat)...