Hail, known as an agricultural meteorological disaster, can substantially constrain the growth of apple industry. Presently, orchards use a variety colored (photo-selective) hail nets preventative measure. However, it is unclear which color proves most effective for orchards. This study provides systematic investigation impact four photo-selective (white, blue, black, and green; with white bein...

Abstract Shade nets can be an effective technology for producing bell pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) under hot climatic conditions. However, the effects of shading on fruit quality are still unclear. The objectives were to evaluate shade level mineral nutrient content, physiological disorders, and postharvest water loss. Trials conducted in spring–summer 2016, 2017, 2018 Tifton, Georgia, USA, fol...

Frequent extreme heat events cause major financial losses for the avocado industry. Shading nets are used to protect crops from harsh environmental hazards. To determine their ability improve photosynthetic performance under in avocado, we examined impact of a resilient high-density silver 60% shading net on mature ‘Pinkerton’ trees during such conditions. We hypothesized that reduced solar irr...

In this paper we examine ways to verify reference nets, a class of high level Petri nets supported by the Renew tool. We choose to restrict reference nets to hypernets, another nets-within-nets model more suitable for verification purposes thanks to an expansion toward 1-safe Petri nets. The contribution of the paper is the implementation of such analysis techniques by means of a Renew plugin. ...

This contribution presents the formalism of Elementary Object Systems (Eos). Object nets are Petri nets which have Petri nets as tokens – an approach known as the nets-within-nets paradigm. Since object nets in general are immediately Turing complete, we introduce the restricted class of elementary object nets which restrict the nesting of nets to the depth of two. One central aim of this contr...

Elementary Object Systems (EOS) is a class of Object Petri Nets that follows the “nets-within-nets” paradigm. It combines several practical as well as theoretical properties for the needs of multi-agent-systems. However, it comes with some constraints that limit their expressiveness for automatic verification purposes due to the highly expressive nature of the underlying class of Petri nets. In...

A model of P systems with symport / antiport rules is given in terms of hypernets, a generalization of a class of hierarchical Petri nets introduced for modeling mobility inside the nets-within-nets paradigm. The hierarchical structure of a P system is reflected by the associated hypernet, where molecules are modeled by unstructured agents (simple tokens) and membranes by agents. Each agent is ...