The study of rock fractures is essential in evaluating stability of underground structures, understanding earthquakes, and assessing storage and transport of oil and gas in rock formations. Geophysical monitoring techniques, particularly compressional and shear wave propagation, can probe the internal structure of rock and fractures remotely and nondestructively and can provide insight into fra...

OBJECTIVES To perform preliminary measurements of the shear modulus of the vocal fold cover layer during intrinsic laryngeal muscle contraction. STUDY DESIGN Shear modulus was measured in an in vivo canine larynx and an ex vivo human larynx. METHODS Shear stress was applied to the transverse axis of the vocal fold using a modified linear skin rheometer (LSR) via an attached suction probe. T...

Purpose To determine the repeatability of magnetic resonance (MR) elastography-derived shear stiffness measurements of the intervertebral disc (IVD) taken throughout the day and their relationship with IVD degeneration and subject age. Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional study, in vivo lumbar MR elastography was performed once in the morning and once in the afternoon in 47 subjects witho...

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a phase contrast MRI technique, images the propagation of applied mechanical waves in tissue, allowing shear stiffness to be quantified in vivo. This MRE technique has been validated with static mechanical compression tests. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) may be a more appropriate comparison to MRE because it directly measures the shear modulus dynamica...

Simple homogeneous shear flows of frictionless, deformable particles are studied by particle simulations at large shear rates and for differently soft, deformable particles. Particle stiffness sets a time-scale that can be used to scale the physical quantities; thus the dimensionless shear rate, i.e. the inertial number I (inversely proportional to pressure), can alternatively be expressed as i...

The laboratory tests for measuring the effects of small strain to the shear strength and maximum stiffness development of post-cyclic degradation of hemic peat are reviewed in this paper. A series of laboratory testing has been conducted to fulfil the objective of this research to study the post-cyclic behaviour of peat soil and focuses on the small strain characteristics. For this purpose, a n...

As shown three decades ago, in situations where the initial stresses before buckling are not negligible compared to the elastic moduli, the geometrical dependence of the tangential moduli on the initial stresses must be taken into account in stability analysis, and the stability or bifurcation criteria have different forms for tangential moduli associated with different choices of the finite st...

A typical flexible pavement structure consists of the surface, base, sub-base and subgrade soil. The loading traffic is transferred from the top layer with higher stiffness to the layer below with less stiffness. Under normal traffic loading, the behaviour of flexible pavement is very complex and can be predicted by using the repeated load triaxial test equipment in the laboratory. However, the...

Although microtubules are involved in various pathological conditions of the heart including hypertrophy and congestive heart failure, the mechanical role of microtubules in cardiomyocytes under such conditions is not well understood. In the present study, we measured multiple aspects of the mechanical properties of single cardiomyocytes, including tensile stiffness, transverse (indentation) st...

Cotton fabric was treated with fluorine gas in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of fluorination treatments on wettability, whiteness index, dyeability and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics were assessed. Kawabata analysis shows that fluorination treatment increases shear stiffness G, shear hysteresis 2HG5, bending stiffness B and overall fabric stiffness Koshi on cotton fabric. Fluorinat...