A sensitive, non-destructive and highly selective method of standoff detection using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is presented. The approach uses a single amplified femtosecond laser to generate high resolution (<10cm) multiplex CARS spectra encompassing the fingerprint region (400cm – 2500cm) at standoff distance. Quantitative studies of this method result in detection of 2μg...

The paper discusses the representation and exploitation of multi-level annotated linguistic data. We first present a standoff XML representation, which distributes information over separate, standoff layers and allows us to represent annotations of various kinds in a uniform, generic way. This format serves as our interchange format. We further introduce an XML-inline representation that is des...

The majority of observations of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) are made with a single spacecraft and their properties inferred from a fit to a cylindrically symmetric model. This process produces a single dimension for a magnetic cloud, its radial thickness. If the radius of curvature of an ICME were equal to its half thickness, the shock front driven by the ICME would be at a di...

Cavitation erosion is induced by the penetrating pressure from implosion of cavitation bubbles nearby solid boundary. The bubble evolution and subsequent collapse are especially important to evaluate degradation boundary materials. dynamics equation taking into account influence distance between formulated investigate effect wall on process. fluctuation slapping forces adopted dynamic character...

In order to study the role of growing cavitation bubbles in context ultrasonic cleaning, we perform two-dimensional, axisymmetric Navier-Stokes simulation for compressible, multicomponent flow and examine so-called Rayleigh growth an air bubble (with initial radius 33 µm pressure 10 MPa) near a rigid wall. The suggests that strong shear stress, which is important physical cleaning such as parti...

This paper represents ongoing efforts to study high-enthalpy carbon dioxide flows in anticipation of the upcoming Mars Science Laboratory and future missions. The work is motivated by observed anomalies between experimental and numerical studies in hypervelocity impulse facilities. In this study, experiments are conducted in the hypervelocity expansion tube that, by virtue of its flowaccelerati...

Standoff annotation, that is, the separation of primary data and markup, can be an interesting option to annotate web pages since it does not demand the removal of annotations already present in web pages. We will present a standoff serialization that allows for annotating wellformed web pages with multiple annotation layers in a single instance, easing processing and analyzing of the data.

Both standoff Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman technologies have recently made great strides towards being deployed for operational use. Both technologies have demonstrated impressive capabilities of detection and discrimination of residue amounts of explosives at distances of 50+ meters in recent tests at the National Training Center, Ft. Irwin, CA, and Yuma Proving Ground...

High-temperature effects have a significant impact on the characteristics of aircraft moving at super- and hypersonic speeds. Due to complexity setting up physical experiment, methods mathematical modelling play an important role in finding aircraft. Numerical air flow around sphere is carried out taking into account high-temperature non-equilibrium chemical reactions. The model includes equati...