LIF activates several intracellular signaling pathways including JAK-STAT, PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. LIF is an important cytokine for maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal of mouse ES cells. The JAK-STAT signal plays a key role in maintenance of the pluripotency of ESCs. Recent evidence shows that several post-translational modifications regulate activation or inhibition of intracellul...

Deterministic pushdown transducers are studied with respect to their ability compute reversible transductions, that is, transform inputs into outputs in a way. This means the also backward deterministic and thus able uniquely step computation back forth. The families of transductions computed classified regard four types length-preserving as well property working reversibly. It turns out accura...

The purpose of this paper is to show connections between iterated length preserving rational transductions and linear space computations Hence we study the smallest family of transductions containing length preserving rational transductions and closed under union composition and iteration We give several characterizations of this class using re stricted classes of length preserving rational tra...

By weakly ambiguous (finite) transducers we mean those transducers that, although being ambiguous, may be viewed to be at arm’s length from unambiguity. We define input-unambiguous (IU) and input-deterministic (ID) transducers, and transducers with finite codomain (FC). IU transductions are characterized by nondeterministic bimachines and ID transductions can be represented as a composition of ...

Flow-through transduction methods have been developed to overcome physical limitations imposed by Brownian motion on retroviral delivery. This method uses net fluid flow of retroviral supernatants through a porous membrane on which the target cells are placed. It is shown that in comparison to static transduction methods, flow-through transductions have the following advantages: (i) flow-throug...