Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are often linked to critical phenotypes such as diseases or responses to vaccines, medications and environmental factors. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which a causal SNP acts is usually not obvious. Changes in RNA secondary structure emerge as a possible explanation necessitating the development of methods to measure the impact of single-n...

Many kinds of mutations in mitochondrial (mt) DNA have been reported to be related to the development of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), this type of diabetes has also been shown to be influenced by other genetic factors and/or environmental factors. Among them, tRNALeu(UUR) and its adjacent mtDNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(ND1) region within the mt genome are linked to high susceptibility to DM. A p...

identification of associated genes with energy balance, yield and feed intake are recent interests of the animal breeding researchers. najdi breed is the famous cattle breed in the khuzestan province. in this research for the investigation of leptin gene promoter ,from 15 najdi cows in the shushtar cattle center station was taken. dna from whole blood was extracted and 544bp and 566 bp two piec...

Background: Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) has been extensively considered as an immunogenic and adjuvant protein, but its yield of expression is not satisfactory in many studies. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of native and mutant recombinant CTB (rCTB) in pQE vector. Methods: ctxB fragment from Vibrio cholerae O1 ATCC14035 containing the substitution of mutant ctxB for ami...

b ackground: due to the lack of a suitable and economic test for the analysis of the polymorphism at codon 167, we developed a new pcr-rflp technique, based on a modified forward primer (ut- hc167 mf-primer), to identify simultaneously the snps at codons 167 and 200 of isotype 1 β-tubu- lin gene of haemonchus contortus . m ethods: there already are several safe and easy methods for identificati...

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 69, 046121 (2004)]], we used the Suzuki-Trottere formalism to study a quasispecies biological evolution model in a parallel mutation-selection scheme with a single-peak fitness function and a point mutation. In the present paper, we extend such a study to evolution models with more general fitness functions or multiple mutations in the parallel mutation-selection...