This study examines the activity of different classes of neurons of the motor cortex in the rabbit during two locomotion tasks: a simple (on a flat surface) and a complex (overstepping a series of barriers) locomotion. Four classes of efferent neurons were studied: corticocortical (CC) neurons with ipsilateral projection (CCIs), those with contralateral projection (CCCs), descending corticofuga...

It is most natural to assume that mysterious Small Ionized and Neutral Structures (SINS) in diffuse ISM arise from turbulence. There are two obvious problem with such an explanation, however. First of all, it is generally believed that at the small scales turbulence should be damped. Second, turbulence with Kolmogorov spectrum cannot be the responsible for the SINS. We consider, however, effect...

lohannes Cassianus, more commonly known as John Cassian, wrote his treatise De Institutis Coenobiorumci de OctoPrincipalium Vitiorum Remediis Libri XII around the beginning of the fifth century A.D. This work is important because it introduced certain Eastern ideas into Western thought. Some of these ideas are of considerable psychiatric interest. Cassian first studied with St. Jerome in the Ea...

This paper argues that the field of econometrics divides into camps of sinners and preachers. Specifically, I look at two sins condemned by the preachers: the making of causal background assumptions when identifying parameters for estimation and the estimation of parameters that have no or little theoretical significance. I argue that practitioners in the natural experiments literature happily ...

The potentials for error in planning, conducting, reporting, and utilizing epidemiologic results can be considered in terms of the traditional 7 deadly sins. To counter these sins, epidemiologic virtues should be inspired by the precautionary principle. The remedies emphasize acknowledgment and exploration of the impact of uncertainties, weight-of-the-evidence assessments that consider what cou...

BACKGROUND The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) categorizes tumor related spinal instability. It has the potential to streamline the referral of patients with established or potential spinal instability to a spine surgeon. This study aims to define the inter- and intra-observer reliability and validity of SINS among radiation oncologists. METHODS Thirty-three radiation oncologists, ...

The determination of spacecraft coordinates is embodied by a navigation solution with high degree of autonomy, high precision and reliability. The foremost requirement for the solution of this problem is a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), which is autonomous, reliable and jamming resistant, but at the same time, errors in SINS increase with time. Therefore, for the SINS error correc...

An arithmetic of fast two-position initial alignment for Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) using Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is proposed in this paper to solve the initial alignment problems of SINS. Based on the analysis of initial alignment method of SINS, the nonlinear model for two-position attitude calculation is derived, and the two-position method is used to eliminate the con...

To achieve high Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) alignment accuracy within a short period of time is still a challenging issue for underwater vehicles. In this paper, a new SINS initial alignment scheme aided by the velocity derived from Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) is proposed to solve this problem. In the stage of the coarse alignment, the velocity of DVL is employed to reduce the im...