The effect of soil moisture on the distribution of Steinernema riobrave in a sand column was determined. Larvae of Pectinophora gossypiella were used to detect S. riobrave infective juveniles (IJ) in each 2.5-cm section of 30-cm-long soil columns. Soil moisture was determined for each section and related to the numbers of nematodes recovered from infected insect baits. Infective juveniles of S....

This study presents the results of large scale laboratory model tests to investigate the behavior of Compacted Lime – Well-graded Soil (CL-WS) rigid stone columns in soft soils. The  unit cell idealization is used for construction of composite specimens by evaluating the influence of different parameters such as the diameter of the column (D), the slenderness ratio (L/D) and the area ratio (Ar)...

Citrus seedlings were grown in soil columns in which the root system was hydraulically separated into two equal layers; this enabled us to maintain roots in the upper layer without water for 110 d. The columns were placed into waterbaths modified so that soil temperatures in the top layer could be maintained at 25 °C or at 35 °C, while temperature in the bottom layer was maintained at 25 °C. We...

In this study, displacement experiments of isoproturon were conducted in disturbed and undisturbed columns of a silty clay loam soil under similar rainfall intensities. Solute transport occurred under saturated conditions in the undisturbed soil and under unsaturated conditions in the sieved soil because of a greater bulk density of the compacted undisturbed soil compared to the sieved soil. Th...

The introduction of earthworms into soils contaminated with metals and metalloids has been suggested to aid restoration practices. Eisenia veneta (epigeic), Lumbricus terrestris (anecic) and Allolobophora chlorotica (endogeic) earthworms were cultivated in columns containing 900 g soil with 1130, 345, 113 and 131 mg kg(-1) of As, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively, for up to 112 days, in parallel with...

Previous work has indicated that the soil is important to understanding biogeochemical fluxes of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the rural environment, in forests in particular. Here, the hydrological and TCA fluxes through 22 in situ soil columns in a forest and moorland-covered catchment and an agricultural grassland field in Scotland were monitored every 2 weeks for several months either as co...

increasing population, limitation of water resources, and also enormous volume of municipal wastewater and need to dispose of these wastewaters safety, has been increased of necessity of reuse of wastewater. disposal of wastewater in soil is one of the most economical methods of their disposal. different soil characteristics, type of wastewater and method of its application are issues that affe...

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map), the causative agent of Johne's disease, has a robust ability to survive in the environment. However, the ability of Map to migrate through soil to drainage tiles or ground water, leave the farm, and leak into local watersheds is inadequately documented. In order to assess the ability of Map to leach through soil, two laboratory experiments were ...