The assessment of an alternative six-port circuit in terms of frequency behavior when used to measure complex voltage ratio is presented. A numerical comparison to commonly used and well-known six-port circuits is carried out. The presented results can help us to choose between different six-port configurations depending on the application, and show that the proposed circuit is the most suitabl...

Six-port reflectometer is well-known for its ability to measure magnitude and phase-shift of microwave signal using four power detectors that perform magnitudeonly measurements. This paper presents the development of an innovative symmetric ring junction as four-port reflectometer for complex reflection coefficient measurements. It reduces the number of required detectors to two. Design optimiz...

We present a path towards reconfigurable, electrically driven and integrated multiple-port optical circulators. Using this novel device architecture, we demonstrate a six-port circulator with 14.4 dB of isolation between adjacent ports, and four different working configurations. It can be straightforwardly expanded to larger port counts. Keywords—Optical isolators, optical circulators, magneto-...

A new robust method for finding the parameters of Engen’s six-port-to-four-port reduction algorithm for sixport reflectometer calibration has been developed. Like other previously published methods, it uses a minimum of five loads with an unknown but constant absolute value of the reflection coefficient and unknown but well-distributed phases. However, the quality of the parameter estimates is ...