An aneurysmal cyst of the petrosal bone presenting as hearing loss and recurrent bacterial meningitis is reported. None of the clinical or radiographic signs described previously were present. Because other diagnostic methods are not reliable, it is recommended that coronal thin section computed tomography be performed in every case of suspected malformation of the skull base and in the diagnos...

Introduction Over the past 20 years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advanced due to new techniques involving increased magnetic field strength and developments in coils and pulse sequences. These advances allow increased opportunity to delineate the complex skull base anatomy and may guide the diagnosis and treatment of the myriad of pathologies that can affect the skull base. Objectives ...

Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature closure of the cranial sutures resulting in characteristic skull deformities. It is a rather frequent craniofacial malformation estimated to affect 1 in 2500 newborns [1]. There is a great variability in both phenotype and the underlying causes. Premature synostosis of the cranial sutures can occur either isolated (non-syndromic) or as part of a Eva-...

Proboscis lateralis is a rare craniofacial malformation. We present a case in a 1-week-old male infant, describe the clinical and imaging findings, and discuss the pertinent embryology. MR and CT proved to be complementary: CT provided anatomic detail in bone, defined the nasal cavity, and aided in determining the relationship of the proboscis and orbit; MR clarified the relationship of the pro...

PURPOSE Follow-up of vascular changes in a patient with congenital retinocephalofacial vascular malformation syndrome. METHODS MRI and cerebral angiography. RESULTS In a 36-year-old man, magnetic resonance imaging of the skull and cerebral angiography revealed left intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Follow-up observation of 27 years revealed no essential change of retinal and cerebra...

The hydrocephalic brain of a 3-week-old rabbit with a meningoencephalocele is described. The hydrocephalus is caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the aqueduct, which is anomalously formed by several minute tubules surrounded by ectopic ependymal cells. The encephalocele is an atrophied part of the right ventricle forced out of the skull by increased CSF pressure. It is s...

A condensed review of the morphogenetic mechanisms of facial fabrication, providing insights into developmental anomalies of clinical concern. Genetics, epigenetics and regulation of molecular, cellular, tissue and organ formation are being elucidated in normal and dysmorphological patterns. The pathogenesis of craniosynostosis is related to fibroblast growth factor expression. Analysis of a 28...

We describe the unilateral occurrence of 14 and 6 Hz positive bursts in successive EEGs in a 25-year-old woman following surgical resection of a left parietal arteriovenous malformation which had caused a left parieto-temporal intracerebral hematoma. This is only the second reported case of unilateral 14 and 6 Hz positive bursts. This could represent either a normal pattern seen unilaterally be...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this series is to describe the prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcome of fetuses affected with Dandy-Walker malformation in which a posterior cyst herniated through a bony defect of the occipital skull, foramen magnum, or both. METHODS Two- and 3-dimensional sonography were used to examine 2 fetuses with poorly delineated cerebellar structures and a large posterior ...

Introduction The type I is the most common Chiari malformation in children. In this condition, the lower part of the cerebellum, but not the brain stem, extends into the foramen magnum at the base of the skull leading to disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid circulation and to direct compression of nervous tissue. Case report We describe a 4-year-old Caucasian female child with febrile seizures...