OBJECTIVE To measure the effect on general practitioner referrals for radiography of introducing guidelines of good practice together with monitoring and peer review. DESIGN Collection of referral data during 1 January 1989 to 31 December 1990. Guidelines were introduced on 1 January 1990. SETTING Open access radiology services provided by one non-teaching district in England. SUBJECTS 14...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Panoramic radiography is a method widely used because of low absorbed dose in patients (ap-proximately 10 times less than that in the full mouth survey), reasonable cost and time. Disadvantages of this radiography technique are magnification and distortion as a result of unequal magnification, which can influence dimensional and angular measurements used in clinical dentistr...

The present report is aimed at describing a rare case of cranial malformation - cloverleaf skull syndrome -, whose presence was noticed after the birth of a child with signs of abnormality. Imaging diagnosis methods such as computed tomography and conventional radiography were used to characterize the syndrome.

Learning skull radiography techniques is time consuming and difficult, due to the variety of these techniques. Each year, poor employee performance of the radiology unit, impose repetitive radiographs, and a heavy burden on the health system, as well as double exposure of patients and staff. According to the results of the current investigation, comparing student’s opinions revealed that ...

BACKGROUND Radiography, typically the first-line imaging study for diagnosis of craniosynostosis, exposes infants to ionizing radiation. We aimed to compare the accuracy of cranial ultrasound (CUS) with radiography for the diagnosis or exclusion of craniosynostosis. METHODS Children aged 0 to 12 months who were assessed for craniosynostosis during 2011-2013 by using 4-view skull radiography a...

Typical distribution of exposure parameters in plain radiography is unknown in Portugal. This study aims to identify exposure parameters that are being used in plain radiography in the Lisbon area and to compare the collected data with European references [Commission of European Communities (CEC) guidelines]. The results show that in four examinations (skull, chest, lumbar spine and pelvis), th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Scalp swelling associated with cranial burst fracture, a widely diastatic skull fracture of infants associated with dural laceration and acute cerebral extrusion, may be confused with that of a simple subgaleal hematoma. Both conditions can also be associated with hemorrhagic shock. We sought to improve the early evaluation of infants believed to have sustained cranial bu...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether the presence and severity of post-traumatic vomiting can predict the risk of a skull vault fracture in adults and children. METHODS Data were analysed relating to a consecutive series of 5416 patients including children who presented to an emergency service in the United Kingdom during a 1 year study period with a principal diagnosis of head injury. Characteris...