Ballast is a porous layer that reduces the effective contact surface between sleeper and ballast. Also, does not have smooth bottom surface, which causes reduction of ballast particles. At field experiments, by installing sensitive papers under sleepers track, cyclic load was imposed passing trains, after certain amount loads, pressure paper removed, measured while in laboratory investigation, ...

Recovery of fat-and-oil production wastes will reduce the technogenic impact on environment, as well involve them in a new cycle secondary material resource. As part solving this problem, possibilities using tyre reclaim and modified are considered. In course studies, industry wastes’ sorption characteristics determined, relation to oils static dynamic conditions, spent reagent reclamation ways...

Recycling waste materials for transport infrastructure such as coal wash (CW), steel furnace slag (SFS), fly ash (FA) and recycled tyre products is an efficient way of minimising the stockpiles while offering significant economic environmental benefits, well improving stability longevity foundations. This paper presents some most recent state-of-the-art studies undertaken at University Wollongo...

Early experience preserves and refines many capabilities that emerge prenatally. Here we describe another role that it plays -- establishing the neural substrate for capabilities that emerge at a much later point in development. The evidence comes from sleeper effects: permanent deficits when early experience was absent in capabilities that normally emerge long after birth. We provide evidence ...

INTRODUCTION Injuries and fatalities due to large truck and other vehicle crashes have decreased over the last decade, but motor vehicle injuries remain a leading cause of death for both the working and general populations. The present study was undertaken to determine semi truck driver and sleeper berth passenger injury risk in a moving semi truck collision using a matched-pair cohort study. ...

We introduce and investigate sleeper attacks and explore them in the context of anonymous communication, especially mix networks. Sleeper attacks can make use of the interference inherent to mix protocols. Simply by leaving his own messages in a mix network an adversary can learn about the communication of network users. Sleeper attacks can be combined with epistemic attacks, statistical disclo...