We seek to document and explain the lifecycle of the warm SST anomaly that intensified and weakened off the west coast of the United States to peak anomalies of 4' K during April-June 1997. We use remotely sensed observational data and model analyses to compute an energy budget for the warm anomaly. The bulk of the anomalous warming was confined to the top 50m of ocean and occurred during May. ...

The two-dimensional, Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) has been coupled with the Princeton Ocean Model to study air–sea interaction processes during an extreme cold air outbreak over the Gulf Stream off the southeastern United States. Emphases have been placed on the development of the mesoscale front and local winds in the lower atmosphere due to differential fluxes over the land, the...

This paper deals with an experimental study on the frosting phenomena using a fin bundle, which is an expanded model for the fins of the heat exchanger. The overall characteristics such as total frost mass, mass flux, pressure drop, sensible and latent heat fluxes and the local characteristics such as local temperature, local heat flux and local frost thickness were investigated under several e...

[1] This study shows that the SST variations in the July– August–September (JAS) peak season of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) are modulated by the air-sea fluxes. This feature is captured in the correlations between the rainfall and SST, and rainfall and SST tendency in the multi-decadal integration of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS). Likewi...

Diurnal cycles of turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes are typically closely related to the diurnal solar irradiation under synoptically undisturbed clear-sky conditions. In mountainous terrain, large variations can occur in topographic surface properties, which modify local radiation budget thus energy balance. Another characteristic terrain is local, thermally driven circulation systems,...

Diurnal tidal components in horizontal winds measured by MST radar in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over a tropical station Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2 E) are presented for the autumn equinox, winter, vernal equinox and summer seasons. For this purpose radar data obtained over many diurnal cycles from September 1995 to August 1996 are used. The results obtained show that although the seasona...

BACKGROUND Although core temperature can be measured invasively, there are currently no widely available, reliable, noninvasive thermometers for its measurement. We thus compared a prototype zero-heat-flux thermometer with simultaneous measurements from a pulmonary artery catheter. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that zero-heat-flux temperatures are sufficiently accurate for routine clin...

Estimation of latent heat flux at the agricultural field scale is required for proper water management. The current generation thermal sensors except Landsat-8 provide data on the order of 1000 m. The aim of this study is to test three approaches based on contextual models using only remote sensing datasets for the disaggregation of latent heat flux over India. The first two approaches are, res...

Eddy correlation measurements of mass and energy were made simultaneously over a closed wheat and an open corn crop. This combination of crops, differing in canopy coverage and stomatal physiology, facilitated an investigation on how surface and environmental variables control the partitioning of net radiation into sensible, latent and soil heat exchange. Contrasts in canopy closure had a minor...

The flux of sensible heat and of matter is approximately height constant from a point within the atmospheric surface layer to some depth below the water surface. For the study of this flux an analogy to Ohm’s law is sometimes useful: the flux is then considered to be subjected to a series of resistances on its way from the water to the atmosphere or vice versa. In this chain of resistances, the...