INTRODUCTION ADHESIVE DENTISTRY • Indications for Use of Adhesives • Advantages of Bonding Techniques • Mechanism of Adhesion • Factors Affecting Adhesion ENAMEL BONDING • Steps for Enamel Bonding • Mechanism of Etching DENTIN BONDING • Conditioning of Dentin • Priming of Dentin • Moist vs Dry Dentin DENTIN BONDING AGENT • Mechanism of Bonding • Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents • Nanofilled B...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an experimental irrigation solution, containing two different concentrations of papain, tween 80, 2% chlorhexidine and edta, on removal of the smear layer. methods and materials: thirty-six single-rooted teeth were divided into two experimental groups ( n =12) and two positive and negative control groups of six. the cana...

introduction: smear layer (sl) is produced as a result of mechanical instrumentation of the canal(s). despite the controversies regarding its removal, the evidence-based trend has shifted towards removing and eliminating the sl. different methods have been used to remove the sl and the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), 18% etid...

the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of apical negative pressure (anp), manual dynamic agitation (mda), passive ultrasonic irrigation (pui) and needle irrigation (ni) as final irrigation activation techniques for smear layer removal in curved root canals.mesiobuccal root canals of 80 freshly extracted maxillary first molars with curvatures ranging between 25° and 35° were used. a gl...

background: the purpose of this study was to compare the effi cacy of endovac irrigation system and side-vented closed ended needle (max-i probe) in removing smear layer from root canals at 1 mm and 3 mm from working length using protaper rotary instrumentation. materials and methods: a total of 50 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into two groups after complete...

introduction: the purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the apical microleakage of ah26 sealer when three different root canal irrigant regimens were used. materials and methods: eighty single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three experimental (n=20) and two control groups (n=10). naocl was used as irrigant during instrumentation, and apical patency was ensured in all teeth...

introduction : this study was carried out to investigate the effect of 808nm diode laser irradiation on dentinal tubules of root canal wall. materials and methods: twelve single-rooted teeth were used. after cleaning and shaping with rotary instruments by the crown down technique, the smear layer was removed by alternating irrigation with edta and sodium hypochlorite. the teeth were then random...

introduction: successful endodontic treatment depends on elimination of the microorganisms through chemomechanical debridement. the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) extract (fve) on the removal of smear layer (sl). methods and materials: in this analytical-observational study, 40 extracted mandibular and maxillary human teeth were ...

introduction: this study compared the cleaning efficiency of mtwo, race and medin nickel-titanium (niti) rotary instruments. materials and methods: sixty mandibular molar mesial roots were selected with angle curvatures between 25-35 degrees and divided into three groups; each containing 20 teeth. canals were prepared with the rotary files and irrigated with 2.5% naocl solution after each instr...