THE RELATION of cationic distribution to the tonus of vascular smooth muscle has become of increasing interest during the past few years. Acute rises and falls of blood pressure induced by a variety of agents have been shown to be consistently accompanied by inverse shifts of sodium out of or into the extracellular compartment.' Tissue analysis has shown that these movements involve shifts of s...

The smooth pursuit system is traditionally employed using a single small target moving on a homogeneous background. It still is not fully understood, however, how accurate tracking is sustained in the presence of a structured background, which will activate global motion processing in the opposite direction as a consequence of the ongoing eye movement. To further study this interaction, we used...

Space travel induces many deleterious effects on the flight crew due to the '0' g environment. The brain experiences a tremendous fluid shift, which is responsible for many of the detrimental changes in physical behavior seen in astronauts. It therefore indicates that the brain may undergo major changes in its protein levels in a '0' g environment to counteract the stress. Analysis of these glo...

4. Examples. 7 4.1. Rigid rotation of a compact group. 7 4.2. Adding machines. 7 4.3. Interval Exchange Maps. 8 4.4. Full shifts and shifts of finite type. 9 4.5. More examples of subshifts. 10 4.5.1. Prouhet-Thue-Morse 11 4.5.2. Chacon system 11 4.5.3. Sturmian systems 11 4.5.4. Toeplitz systems 11 4.5.5. Sofic systems 11 4.5.6. Context-free systems 12 4.5.7. Coded systems 12 4.6. Smooth expan...

The motivating point of our research was differential operators on the noncommutative torus studied by Connes [1, 2], who in particular obtained an index formula for such operators. These operators include shifts (more precisely, in this case, irrational rotations); hence our interest in general differential equations with shifts naturally arose. Let M be a smooth closed manifold. We consider o...

1 Introduction Visual attention describes the way that biological vision systems prioritize information to balance the need for rapid processing of complex scenes and the limited amount of processing resources [7][62][69][90]. The attention system enables the sequential selection of parallel subsets of data such that the most complex processing does not have to include all data from the visual ...

Interval Vp/Vs ratios can be estimated from derivatives of vertical shifts that align reflections in PP and PS images. This alignment, however, is nontrivial because features in PS images are not simply time-shifted versions of features in PP images. To align PP and PS images we use a smooth dynamic image warping algorithm that can be accurate with respect to problems unrelated to time shifts, ...