this article presents an implementation of a reinforcement learning (rl) method for a snake like robot navigation. the paper starts with developing kinematics and dynamics model of a snake robot in serpentine locomotion followed by performing simulation and finishes with actual experimentation. first, gibbs-appell's method is used to obtain the robot dynamics. the robot is also modeled in simme...

the bezoar, a dense material found in the stomach of wild goat, is widely used against various diseases including snakebite in traditional medicine among the southeast tribes of iran. this study was performed to evaluate the bezoar effect on experimental mice receiving 2% and 10% concentrations of natural crude of echis carinatus snake venom. various doses of bezoar (6, 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg/i.p)...

let g be a graph with p vertices and q edges and a = {0, 1, 2, . . . , [q/2]}. a vertex labeling f : v (g) → a induces an edge labeling f∗ defined by f∗(uv) = f(u) + f(v) for all edges uv. for a ∈ a, let vf (a) be the number of vertices v with f(v) = a. a graph g is said to be vertex equitable if there exists a vertex labeling f such that for all a and b in a, |vf (a) − vf (b)| ≤ 1 and the in...

The Bezoar, a dense material found in the stomach of wild goat, is widely used against various diseases including snakebite in traditional medicine among the southeast tribes of Iran. This study was performed to evaluate the Bezoar effect on experimental mice receiving 2% and 10% concentrations of natural crude of Echis carinatus snake venom. Various doses of Bezoar (6, 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg/i....

BACKGROUND A snake bite is an injury caused by a bite from a snake, often resulting in puncture wounds, amputations and sometimes envenomation. Envenoming resulting from snake bite is a particularly important public health problem in rural areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries in Africa. This paper reports the incidence of snake bites and its associated mortality in the Western Region of...

The relationship between temperature and rates of detection of the Mediterranean snake Malpolon monspessulanus (Montpellier snake) in the wild was analysed over a 26-year period. We used records of live and freshly road-killed snakes in south-eastern Spain. A short-term effect of temperature on rates of snake detection was found: the higher the yearly temperature, the higher the snake detectabi...

Building on the work of Lavy and van den Hout (Lavy, E. H., & van den Hout, M. A. (1994a). Cognitive avoidance and attentional bias: Causal relationships. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18 (2) 179-191; Lavy, E. H., & van den Hout, M. A. (1994b). Cognitive avoidance and attentional bias: Causal relationships. Behavior Therapy, 24, 645-657), the purpose of the present study was to examine a func...

1 Despite the promising results of numerous applications, the hitherto proposed snake techniques share some common problems: snake attraction by spurious edge points, snake degeneration (shrinking and attening), convergence and stability of the deformation process, snake initialization and local determination of the parameters of elasticity. We argue here that these problems can be solved only ...

7 Incorrect snake identification from the observable visual traits is a major reason of death resulting from snake bites. So far no automatic classification method has been proposed to distinguish snakes by deciphering the taxonomy features of snake for the two major species of snakes i.e. Elapidae and Viperidae. We present a parallel processed inter-feature product similarity fusion based auto...

Snake bite injuries and death are socio-medical problems of considerable magnitude. In India a large number of people suffer and die every year due to snake venom poisoning. Snake venom, though greatly feared, is a natural biological resource, containing several components that could be of potential therapeutic value. Use of snake venom in different pathophysiological conditions has been mentio...