According to the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), beliefs regarding competency can influence whether a person's occupational role behavior is adaptive or maladaptive. Such beliefs are considered to be part of a person's sense of "personal causation." This article reviews some of the theoretical underpinnings of the personal causation construct. Issues addressed are the distinction between comp...

82 Sandra Lovell is a Chartered Occupational Psychologist at ERM, UK and has worked across numerous high hazard industries including mining, manufacturing and oil & gas. She specialises in organisational culture and safety, human factors in system design, performance assessment & development in safety critical tasks and training systems. She has trained leaders in safety and in assessing compet...

PURPOSE There have been critiques that competency training, which defines the roles of a physician by simple, discrete tasks or measurable competencies, can cause students to compartmentalize and focus mainly on being assessed without understanding how the interconnected competencies help shape their role as future physicians. Losing the meaning and interaction of competencies can result in a f...

The American Dental Education Association (ADEA), Section on Dental Hygiene Education, Competency Development Committee drafted the competency statements presented in this document. This committee had representation from both baccalaureate and associate degree dental hygiene programs. It also included representation from dental hygiene, clinical, social and basic sciences, and the American Dent...

Four measures of the process-reactive dimension in schizophrenia were intercorrelated. These measures were the UIlmann-Giovannoni scale, the Phillips scale, marital status, and the Zigler-Phillips Social Competency Index. Data from 103 male schizophrenic patients suggest preference for the UIlmannGiovannoni scale. This scale was then used to define the subjects into high and low competency grou...

PROBLEM Structural competency is a framework for conceptualizing and addressing health-related social justice issues that emphasizes diagnostic recognition of economic and political conditions producing and racializing inequalities in health. Strategies are needed to teach prehealth undergraduate students concepts central to structural competency (e.g., structural inequity, structural racism, s...

This study examined positive self-perceptions in relation to depressive symptoms and attributional style in a sample of 88 boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed at baseline and at a 2- to 3-year follow-up. Change in boys' self-perceptions of competency in the scholastic, social, and behavioral domains was examined as a predictor of changes in depressive symptoms and...

PURPOSE To investigate the behavioral and social competency profiles of individuals who stutter and to compare them with persons who do not stutter, according to their parents; to correlate the behavioral and the social competence performances with the severity of stuttering. METHODS Sixty-four participants, aged 6 to 18 years, of both genders, were divided into two groups: the study group (S...

A comprehensive, school-based, instructional and social competency promotion program to prevent problem behavior was attempted in a troubled middle school. The program included components aimed at increasing social competencies as well as components to increase social bonding and school success. The evaluation of the 5-year effort showed that it was ineffective. The program never reached the ex...