pair and small group work is infrequently welcomed in english as a foreign language (efl) classes under the assumption that students tend to use their first language (l1), which is considered detrimental to learning the new language. from sociocultural perspective, however, students’ first language is claimed to play the role of an important psychological tool and can facilitate the learning pr...

Wroe Alderson (1898–1965) is generally considered to be one of the giants of post-war marketing scholarship, a titanic thinker who did much to legitimize the study of marketing theory and thought. He is also widely regarded as someone who was incapable of communicating his ideas cogently. As Holbrook (2001: 37) unequivocally observes, ‘here was a writer who could not express himself clearly to ...

abstractthe present study was carried out to investigate the effects of listening strategy instruction on students’ listening achievement and strategy use. the participants of the study were 50 english major freshman students of dilla university. these students were placed in experimental and control conditions for the purpose of comparing the mean difference between the two groups. the control...

Large-scale corporate restructures are a commonly used business strategy performed to streamline structure and systems, and hence, improve efficiency and competitive advantage. Reconfiguring a workforce is not an easy task, however, especially if it involves the amalgamation of previously distinct workgroups. The personal and work-related consequences of merger-related change have been well-res...

this investigation postulatesvygotsky’s (1978) concept of zone of proximal development (zpd) and his related “scaffolding” metaphor as well as norton’s (2006) principles of sociocultural identity as its theoretical foundation.thisresearchintends to scrutinizethe socioculturally-oriented mediationalmechanisms utilized in student-student and student-teacher collaborationsin an iranian efl writing...

This investigation postulatesVygotsky’s (1978) concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD) and his related “scaffolding” metaphor as well as Norton’s (2006) principles of sociocultural identity as its theoretical foundation.Thisresearchintends to scrutinizethe socioculturally-oriented mediationalmechanisms utilized in student-student and student-teacher collaborationsin an Iranian EFL writing...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine variations in cultural and health beliefs about mammography screening among a socioeconomically diverse sample of African American and Caucasian women and to identify which set of beliefs predicted mammography screening adherence. DESIGN Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study. SETTING Community-based organizations and public housing. SAMPLE 111 Afr...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of concept mapping on the extent to which Iranian EFL learners retain new vocabularies and the degree of awareness toward vocabulary learning strategies they tended to use. To this end, a total of 40 Iranian EFL students were asked to participate in this study. They were randomly assigned to two equal groups; namely, experimental and control. The part...

The use of smokeless tobacco, especially paan and gutka, is prevalent in Southeast Asian countries (1). No exact rate for the use of these products in Iran is available. According to the study by Honarmand et al. 11.4% of male students from universities of Zahedan City in Southeast of Iran were current users of smokeless tobacco (2). These products contain lime, areca-nut and tobacco (3). Evide...